Aruna Prasna

Aruna Prasna

bhāskarāya vidmahē mahaddyutikarāya dhīmahi । tannō ādityaḥ prachōdayāt ॥
We meditate upon Bhāskara, the radiant Sun who is the source of great brilliance. May Lord Āditya inspire and guide our intellect towards divine wisdom.

ōṃ bhadraṃ karṇēbhiḥ śṛṇuyāma dēvāḥ । bhadraṃ paśyēmākṣabhiryajatrāḥ । sthirairaṅgai stuṣṭuvāṃsastanūbhiḥ । vyaśēma dēvahitaṃ yadāyuḥ ॥
O Divine beings, may we hear auspicious and beneficial things through our ears. May we see sacred and शुभ things through our eyes. With strong bodies and healthy limbs, may we live our complete lifespan in accordance with divine purpose.

svasti na indrō vṛddhaśravāḥ । svasti naḥ pūṣā viśvavēdāḥ । svasti nastārkṣyō ariṣṭanēmiḥ । svasti nō bṛhaspatirdadhātu ॥
May the glorious Indra bless us with welfare. May Pūṣan, the knower of the universe, grant us prosperity. May Tārkṣya protect us from all dangers. May Bṛhaspati bless us with wisdom and peace.

ōṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ॥
May there be peace in the physical world, peace in the divine realm, and peace within ourselves.

anuvākaḥ 1

bha̍draṃ karṇēbhiḥ śṛṇuyāma dēvāḥ । bha̍draṃ paśyēmākṣabhiryajatrāḥ । sthirairaṅgai stuṣṭuvāṃsastanūbhiḥ । vyaśēma dēvahitaṃ yadāyuḥ ॥
May we hear auspicious words from the Divine, see pure and sacred things with our eyes, and live our entire life with strength and health while following the divine path.

svasti na indrō vṛddhaśravāḥ । svasti naḥ pūṣā viśvavēdāḥ । svasti nastārkṣyō ariṣṭanēmiḥ । svasti nō bṛhaspatirdadhātu ॥
May Indra, Pūṣan, Tārkṣya and Bṛhaspati bless us with protection, knowledge, prosperity and peace.

āpamāpāma paḥ sarvāḥ । asmād asmād itō-‘mutaḥ ॥
May all forms of negativity, impurities and harmful influences be removed from us from every direction, near and far.

agnirvāyuścha sūryaścha । saha sañchaskarardhiyā । vāyvaśvā raśmipatayaḥ । marīcyātmāno adruhaḥ ॥
May Agni (Fire), Vāyu (Wind) and Sūrya (Sun) together bless us with strength and wisdom. May the divine rays of the Sun, moving like powerful steeds, protect and guide us. May the radiant divine beings remain free from harm and bless creation.

dēvīrbhuvana sūvarīḥ । putravatvāya mē suta । mahānāmnīr mahāmānāḥ । mahasō mahasaḥ svaḥ ॥
May the divine powers who protect and sustain the worlds bless us with growth, prosperity, strength and the blessings of continuity.

dēvīḥ parjanya sūvarīḥ । putravatvāya mē suta ॥
May the divine powers of rain and nourishment bless us with abundance, fertility and prosperity.

apāśnyuṣṇim apa rakṣaḥ । apāśnyuṣṇim apa ragham । apāghrām apa chāvartim । apa dēvīr itō hita ॥
May all heat, suffering, harmful forces and obstacles be removed from us. May divine powers protect us from all difficulties.

vajraṃ dēvīr ajītāṃścha । bhuvanaṃ dēvasūvarīḥ । ādityān aditiṃ dēvīm । yōni nōrdhvam udīṣata ॥
May the divine powers, strong like the thunderbolt, protect the universe. May Goddess Aditi, the mother of the Ādityas, uplift us and lead us towards higher spiritual consciousness.

śivā naḥ śantamā bhavantu । divyā āpa ōṣadhayaḥ । sumṛḍīkā sarasvati । mā tē vyōma sandṛśi ॥
May the divine waters and healing herbs bring peace and happiness to us. May Goddess Sarasvatī bless us with compassion, wisdom and divine knowledge. May we always remain connected with the divine presence.

(amutaḥ – su – tauṣadhayō dvē cha)
May the blessings of the higher realms and the healing powers of nature protect and nourish us.

smṛtiḥ pratyakṣam aitihyam । anumānaśchatuṣṭayam । etairāditya maṇḍalam । sarvairēva vidhāsyatē ॥
The knowledge of the Sun’s cosmic order is understood through four means: memory (smṛti), direct perception (pratyakṣa), traditional knowledge (aitihya), and inference (anumāna). Through all these means, the nature of the solar sphere is understood.

sūryō marīcīmādattē । sarvasmādbhūvanādadhi । tasyāḥ pāka viśēṣēṇa । smṛtaṃ kāla viśēṣaṇam ॥
The Sun receives and radiates rays from all the worlds. Through the varying intensity and transformation of these rays, the different divisions of time are recognized and understood.

nadīva prabhavātkācit । akṣayyāt syandatē yathā ॥
Just as a river continuously flows from an inexhaustible source, so the flow of time continues endlessly from its eternal origin.

tānnadyō-‘bhisamāyanti । sōruḥ satī na nivartatē ॥
All rivers ultimately merge into the ocean, and once merged, they do not return in the same form. Similarly, the moments of time move forward continuously.

ēvaṃ nānā samutthānāḥ । kālāḥ saṃvatsaraṃ śritāḥ ॥
In the same way, different divisions and forms of time arise and remain established within the year (saṃvatsara).

aṇuśaścha mahaśaścha । sarvē samavayantri tam ॥
Both the smallest divisions of time and the greatest periods of time are connected and united within the cycle of the year.

sa taiḥ sarvaiḥ samāviṣṭaḥ । ūruḥ sanna nivartatē ॥
The year encompasses all these different measures of time and continuously progresses without returning.

adhisaṃvatsaraṃ vidyāt । tadēva lakṣaṇē ॥
One should understand the deeper nature of the year, for it reveals the characteristics and signs of cosmic time.

aṇubhiścha mahadbhiścha । samārūḍhaḥ pradṛśyatē ॥
The year is perceived through both small and great divisions of time.

saṃvatsaraḥ pratyakṣēṇa । nādhisavaḥ pradṛśyatē ॥
The year can be directly experienced and observed, but its deeper cosmic principle cannot be perceived merely by the senses.

paṭarō vikliḍhaḥ piṅgaḥ । ēta-dvaruṇa lakṣaṇam ॥
The reddish and changing appearance of the Sun indicates the signs associated with Varuṇa’s cosmic order.

yatraitadupadṛśyatē । sahasraṃ tatra nīyatē ॥
Where these signs are observed, the understanding of vast cosmic measures is applied.

ēkaṃ hi śirō nānā mukhē । kṛtsnaṃ tadarita lakṣaṇam ॥
Though the source is one, it appears through many expressions and forms; this represents the complete nature of cosmic manifestation.

ubhayataḥ saptēndriyāṇi । jalpitaṃ tvēva dihyaṭē ॥
The seven senses and their functions exist on both sides, while speech and expression reveal their activity.

śuklakṛṣṇē saṃvatsarasya । dakṣiṇa vāmayōḥ pārśvayōḥ ॥
The bright and dark halves of the year represent two sides of the cosmic cycle, like the right and left aspects of existence.

śukraṃ tē anyad yajataṃ tē anyat । viṣurūpē ahanī dyaurivāsi ॥
One form is radiant and pure, another is sacred and transformative. The two days (day and night) appear different like the changing forms of the sky.

viśvā hi māyā avasi svadhāvaḥ । bhadrā tē pūṣann iha rātirastu iti ॥
O divine power, you protect all manifestations of the universe. May the nourishing and benevolent grace of Pūṣan remain with us.

nātra bhuvanam । na pūṣā । na paśavaḥ । nādityaḥ saṃvatsara ēva pratyakṣēṇa priyatamaṃ vidyāt ॥
Here, the deeper truth is that beyond all visible forms such as worlds, Pūṣan, creatures and even the Sun, the year itself (saṃvatsara) is to be understood as the most significant visible expression of cosmic order.

ētadvai saṃvatsarasya priyatamaṃ rūpam ॥
This is indeed the most beloved and essential form of the year.

yō-‘sya mahānartha utpatsyamāno bhavati । idaṃ puṇyaṃ kuruṣvēti । tamāharaṇaṃ dadyāt ॥
When a great difficulty or misfortune is about to arise, one should perform righteous and sacred actions. Such acts of virtue become a means of protection and harmony.

sākañjānāṃ saptathamāhurēkajam । ṣaḍudyamā ṛṣayō dēvajā iti । tēṣāmiṣṭāni vihitāni dhāmaśaḥ । sthātrē rejantē vikṛtāni rūpaśaḥ ॥
The sages speak of the sevenfold cosmic order arising from one source. The six divine forces born of the cosmic principle perform their ordained duties. Their sacred places and functions are established according to divine arrangement, and they shine through various forms and transformations.

kō nu maryā amithitaḥ । sakhā sakhāyamabravīt । jahākō asmadīṣatē । yastityāja sakhividaṃ sakhāyam । na tasya vāchyapi bhāgō asti । yadīṃ śṛṇōtyalakaṃ śṛṇōti ॥
Who among humans can truly understand the limitless truth? A friend speaks to a friend, but one who abandons the friendship of wisdom loses the right to that sacred knowledge. Even if such a person hears the truth, he hears only something incomplete and unclear.

na hi pravēda sukṛtasya panthām iti । ṛturṛtunā nudyamānaḥ । vinanādābhidhāvaḥ ॥
One who does not follow the path of righteous action cannot understand the way of virtue. The seasons move one after another, continuously guiding the cycle of time.

ṣaṣṭiścha triṃśakā valgāḥ । śuklakṛṣṇau cha ṣāṣṭikau । sārāgavastrairjaradakṣaḥ ॥
The divisions of time consist of months, days and cycles. The bright and dark halves of time continue their movement. Time is described through different symbolic forms and appearances.

vasantō vasubhiḥ saha । saṃvatsarasya savituḥ । praiṣakṛt prathamaḥ smṛtaḥ । amūnādayatētyanyān ॥
Spring, accompanied by the Vasus, is regarded as the first messenger of the year created by Savitṛ (the divine Sun). It brings forth and awakens the other seasons.

amūṃścha parirakṣataḥ । ētā vāchaḥ prayujyantē । yatraitadupadṛśyatē ॥
These divine forces protect all beings. These teachings are expressed wherever this cosmic order is observed.

ētadēva vijānīyāt । pramāṇaṃ kālaparyayē । viśēṣaṇaṃ tu vakṣyāmaḥ । ṛtūnāṃ tannibōdhata ॥
One should understand this as the measure and proof of the cycles of time. Now the special characteristics of the seasons will be explained; listen carefully.

śuklavāsā rudragaṇaḥ । grīṣmēṇāvartatē saha । nijahan pṛthivīṃ sarvām ॥
The Rudra powers appear in white garments and accompany the summer season. Their intense energy affects and transforms the entire earth.

jyōtiṣā apratikhyēna saḥ । viśvarūpāṇi vāsāṃsi । ādityānāṃ nibōdhata ॥
Through unmatched radiance, the Sun reveals many forms. Understand the various manifestations of the Ādityas and their cosmic powers.

saṃvatsarīṇaṃ karmaphalam । varṣābhirdadatāṃ saha ॥
The results of actions performed throughout the year are received through the cycles of rain and nature.

aduḥkhō duḥkhacakṣuriva । tanmā pīta iva dṛśyatē । śītēnā vyathayanniva । rurudakṣa iva dṛśyatē ॥
The changing forms of nature may sometimes appear pleasant and sometimes painful. The cold season appears to cause discomfort, and the world seems to experience different conditions.

hlādayatē jvalataśchaiva । śāmyataśchāsya cakṣuṣī ॥
The same force that brings warmth and joy also brings rest and calm. The vision of nature changes according to the season.

yā vai prajā bhraṃśyanti । saṃvatsarāt tā bhraṃśyanti । yāḥ pratiṣṭhanti । saṃvatsarē tāḥ pratiṣṭhanti ॥
Those beings who decline do so through the cycles of time, and those who become established also find their foundation within the year.

varṣābhya iti arthaḥ ॥
This indicates the connection with the rainy seasons and the cycles of nature.

anuvākaḥ 4 – English Meaning

akṣiduḥkhōtthitasyaiva । viprasannē kanīnikē । āṅktē chādgaṇaṃ nāsti । ṛbhūṇāṃ tannibōdhata ॥
Like an eye that becomes clear after suffering, the vision becomes purified. Understand the wisdom associated with the divine Ṛbhus.

kanakābhāni vāsāṃsi । ahatāni nibōdhata । annamaśnīta mṛjmīta । ahaṃ vō jīvanapradaḥ ॥
Know the golden and pure coverings of divine energy. Accept nourishment and purification, for the divine power grants life and sustenance.

ētā vāchaḥ prayujyantē । śarad yatro padṛśyatē ॥
These teachings are expressed where the season of autumn and its qualities are observed.

abhidhūnvantō-‘bhighnanta iva । vāntavanto marudgaṇāḥ ॥
The Marut forces move powerfully like winds that shake and transform everything.

amutō jētumiṣumukhamiva । sannaddhāḥ saha dadṛśē ha ॥
They appear prepared like warriors carrying weapons, displaying great strength and energy.

apaddhvastairvastivarṇairiva । viśikhāsaḥ kapardinaḥ ॥
Their forms appear like powerful forces moving with different appearances and expressions.

akruddhasya yōtsyamānasya । kṛddhasyēva lōhinī ॥
A calm force preparing for action appears like an angry warrior filled with power.

hēmataśchakṣuṣī vidyāt । akṣṇayōḥ kṣipaṇōriva ॥
The signs of winter may be understood through the brightness and appearance of the eyes of nature, like flashes of energy.

durbhikṣaṃ dēvalōkēṣu । manūnāmudakaṃ gṛhē ॥
During certain cosmic cycles, scarcity may appear among beings, while water and nourishment become precious.

ētā vāchaḥ pravadantīḥ । vaidyutō yānti śaiśirīḥ ॥
These expressions describe the movements of nature, including lightning and the cold season.

tā agniḥ pavamānā anvaiṣata । iha jīvikāmaparipaśyan ॥
The purifying fire follows these forces, seeking the means of sustaining life.

ihēha vaḥ svatapasaḥ । marutaḥ sūryatvacaḥ । śarma saprathā āvṛṇē ॥
O Maruts, radiant like the Sun and filled with inner power, may your protection and blessings surround us everywhere.

ati tāmrāṇi vāsāṃsi । aṣṭivajri śataghnī cha । viśvē dēvā vipraharaṇti । agnijihvā asaśchata ॥
The divine powers appear in reddish garments and carry powerful energies like weapons. All the gods, with Agni as their tongue, spread and distribute these cosmic forces.

naiva dēvō na martyaḥ । na rājā varuṇō vibhuḥ । nāgnirnēndrō na pavamānaḥ । mātrukkaścha na vidyatē ॥
Neither gods nor humans, neither Varuṇa nor Agni, Indra nor the purifying forces, can fully grasp or control this supreme cosmic mystery.

divyasyaikā dhanurārtniḥ । pṛthivyāmaparā śritā ॥
One part of the divine bow exists in the heavens, and another part is established upon the earth.

tasyēndrō vamrirūpēṇa । dhanurjyāmacchinsvayam ॥
Indra, assuming the form of a small insect, cut the string of that divine bow himself.

tadindradhanurityajyam । abhravarṇēṣu chakṣatē ॥
That bow became known as Indra’s bow (rainbow), appearing among the clouds with various colours.

ētadēva śaṃyōrbārhaspatyasya । ēta-drudrasya dhanuḥ ॥
This is also connected with the power of Bṛhaspati and is regarded as the bow of Rudra.

rudrasya tvēva dhanurārtniḥ । śira utpipēṣa ॥
The end of Rudra’s bow struck and shattered the head of evil forces.

sa pravargyō-‘bhavat । tasmādyaḥ sapravargyēṇa yajñēna yajati ॥
It became associated with the Pravargya ritual. Therefore, one who performs the Pravargya sacrifice receives its divine protection.

rudrasya sa śiraḥ pratidadhāti । nainaṃ rudra āruko bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥
He symbolically restores the head of Rudra and is not harmed by Rudra’s fierce power. One who knows this attains protection.

atyūrdhvākṣō-‘tiraśchāt । śiśiraḥ pradṛśyatē ॥
The winter season appears with its elevated and changing qualities.

naiva rūpaṃ na vāsāṃsi । na chakṣuḥ pratidṛśyatē ॥
Its true form and appearance cannot easily be perceived by the eyes.

anyōnyaṃ tu na hiṃsrātaḥ । sata staddevalakṣaṇam ॥
The divine forces do not destroy one another; this harmony itself is a sign of divine order.

lōhitō-‘kṣiṇi śāraśīrṣṇiḥ । sūryasyōdayanaṃ prati ॥
The reddish appearance of the sky and celestial signs are observed at the rising of the Sun.

tvaṃ karōṣi nyañjalikām । tvaṃ karōṣi nijānukām ॥
You offer reverence with folded hands and perform acts according to divine order.

nijānukāmē nyañjalikā । amī vācaṃ upāsatām iti ॥
Those who worship with devotion and purity approach the divine through sacred speech.

tasmai sarva ṛtavō namantē । maryādā karatvāt prapurōdhām ॥
All seasons bow before the one who understands the cosmic law and follows proper discipline.

brāhmaṇa āpnōti । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥
The knower of this wisdom attains spiritual greatness.

sa khalu saṃvatsara ētaiḥ senānībhiḥ saha । indrāya sarvān kāmān abhivahati ॥
The year, together with these forces, carries all desired blessings toward Indra.

sa draphsaḥ ॥
That divine essence is called the cosmic drop or energy.

ava draphsō aṃśumatīmatiṣṭhat । iyānaḥ kṛṣṇō daśabhiḥ sahasraiḥ ॥
The divine energy stands within the rays and moves through countless forms.

āvartamindraḥ śachyā dhamantam । upasnuhi tan nṛmaṇām athadrāmi iti ॥
Indra, through divine power, controls the movement of these cosmic forces.

ētayā vēndraḥ salā vṛkyā saha । asurān parivṛśchati ॥
Through this power, Indra overcomes opposing forces.

naivaṃ viduṣā ācāryāntevāsinau । anyōnyasmai druhyātām ॥
A teacher and student who know this wisdom should never act against each other.

yō druhyati । bhraśyatē svargāl lōkāt ॥
One who harms another falls away from the higher spiritual state.

ityṛtu maṇḍalāni । sūrya maṇḍalānyākhyāyikāḥ ॥
Thus the cycles of seasons and the movements of the solar realms are explained.

ārōgō bhrājaḥ paṭaraḥ pataṅgaḥ । svarṇarō jyōtiṣīmān vibhāsaḥ ॥
The Sun is described through many names and forms: shining, radiant, golden, luminous and powerful.

tē asmai sarvē divaṃ ātapanti । ūrjaṃ duhānā anapasphuranta iti ॥
All these solar forms illuminate the heavens and provide energy and nourishment.

kaśyapō-‘ṣṭamaḥ । sa mahāmēruṃ na jahāti ॥
Kaśyapa is described as the eighth solar principle, remaining connected with the cosmic mountain Meru.

yattē śilpaṃ kaśyapa rōcanāvat । indriyāvat puṣkalaṃ chitrabhānu ॥
O Kaśyapa, your creative power is radiant, full of energy, beauty and splendour.

yasmin sūryā arpitāḥ sapta sākam ॥
Within that cosmic principle, the seven Suns are established together.

tasmin rājānam adhiviśrayēmam iti ॥
May we find stability and protection in that supreme cosmic order.

tē asmai sarvē kaśyapāj jyōtiḥ labhantē ॥
All beings receive their light and energy from this solar principle.

prāṇō jīvānīndriya jīvāni । sapta śīrṣaṇyāḥ prāṇāḥ ॥
Life-force sustains living beings, and the seven forms of vital energy operate within creation.

sūryā ityācāryāḥ ॥
The teachers identify these powers as manifestations of the Sun.

apaśyamahamētān sapta sūryān iti ॥
“I have seen these seven Suns,” says the wise observer.

saptasūryā divam anu praviṣṭāḥ । tān anvēti pathibhiḥ dakṣiṇāvān ॥
The seven Suns enter the heavens and move along their cosmic paths.

tē asmai sarvē ghṛtam ātapanti । ūrjaṃ duhānā anapasphuranta iti ॥
They shower radiance and nourishment upon the universe without interruption.

saptartvijaḥ sūryā ityācāryāḥ ॥
The sages describe the seven Suns as the seven divine priests of cosmic order.

sapta diśō nānā sūryāḥ ॥
The seven directions are illumined by different manifestations of the Sun.

saptahōtāra ṛtvijaḥ । dēvā ādityā yē sapta । tēbhiḥ sōmābhī rakṣaṇa iti ।
The seven priests of the sacrifice are the seven Āditya deities. Through these divine powers, protection is provided.

tadapyāmnāyaḥ । digbhrāja ṛtūn karōti ।
This is also mentioned in the sacred tradition. The directions shine and create the order of seasons.

ētayaivāvṛtā sahasrasūryatāyā iti vaiśampāyanaḥ ।
Vaiśampāyana says that through this cosmic cycle, the brilliance of a thousand Suns is manifested.

yaddyāva indra tē śataṃ śataṃ bhūmīḥ । uta syuḥ । na tvā vajrin sahasraṃ sūryāḥ ॥ 24 ॥
O Indra, even if there were hundreds of heavens and hundreds of Earths, and even thousands of Suns, they would not equal Your power.

anu na jātamaṣṭa rodasī iti । nānā liṅgatvādṛtūnāṃ nānā sūryatvam ॥
The eight forms of Heaven and Earth are described; because the seasons have different characteristics, the Suns are also described in different forms.

aṣṭau tu vyavasitā iti । sūryamaṇḍalāny aṣṭāta ūrdhvam ।
It is determined that there are eight solar regions beyond this realm.

citraṃ dēvānām udagād anīkam । cakṣurmitrasya varuṇasyāgnēḥ ॥
The beautiful face of the divine powers has risen; it is the eye of Mitra, Varuṇa and Agni.

āprā dyāvāpṛthivī antarikṣam । sūrya ātmā jagatastasthuṣaśca iti ॥ 25 ॥
The Sun fills Heaven, Earth and the intermediate space. The Sun is the soul of all moving and unmoving creation.

anuvākaḥ 8

kvēdamabhraṃ niviśatē । kvāyaṃ saṃvatsarō mithaḥ ।
Where does this cloud enter? Where does this year remain?

kvāhaḥ kvēyaṃ dēva rātrī । kva māsā ṛtavaḥ śritāḥ ॥
Where are the day and night established? Where do the months and seasons reside?

ardhamāsā muhūrtāḥ । nimēṣāstuṭibhiḥ saha ।
Where do the half-months, moments and smallest divisions of time exist?

kvēmā āpō niviśantē । yaditō yānti samprati ॥
Where do these waters enter after coming from their source?

kālā aphsu niviśantē । āpaḥ sūryē samāhitāḥ ॥ 26 ॥
Time is contained within the waters, and the waters are gathered within the Sun.

abhrāṇyapaḥ prapadyantē । vidyut sūryē samāhitā ॥
The waters enter the clouds, and lightning remains connected with the Sun.

anavarṇē imē bhūmī । iyañcāsau ca rodasī ॥
These two realms, Earth and Heaven, are beyond complete description.

kiṃ svidatrāntaraṃ bhūtam । yēnēmē vidhṛtē ubhē ॥
What exists between them that supports and sustains both?

viṣṇunā vidhṛtē bhūmī । iti vatsasya vēdanā ॥
The Earths are sustained by Lord Viṣṇu; this is the realization of sage Vatsa.

irāvatī dhēnumatī hi bhūtam । sūyavasinī manuṣē daśasyē ॥ 27 ॥
The Earth is abundant like a nourishing cow, providing prosperity and sustenance to humans.

vyaṣṭabhnād rodasī viṣṇavētē । dādhartha pṛthivīm abhito mayūkhaiḥ ॥
Viṣṇu supports Heaven and Earth and surrounds the Earth with His divine rays.

kiṃ tadviṣṇōrbala māhuḥ । kā dīptiḥ kiṃ parāyaṇam ॥
What is the strength of Viṣṇu? What is His brilliance and supreme refuge?

ēkō yaddhāraya ddēvaḥ । rējatī rodasī ubhē ॥
The One Divine Being sustains both Heaven and Earth.

vātādviṣṇōrbala māhuḥ । akṣarāddīpti ruchyatē ॥
The power of Viṣṇu is compared to the force of wind, and His light arises from the eternal.

tripadāddhāraya ddēvaḥ । yadviṣṇōrēkamuttamam ॥ 28 ॥
The Divine sustains creation through three cosmic steps; the highest is the supreme abode of Viṣṇu.

agnayō vāyavaścaiva । ētadasya parāyaṇam ॥
Agni and Vāyu are among the supreme manifestations of this cosmic reality.

pṛcchāmi tvā paraṃ mṛtyum । avamaṃ madhyamañca tum ॥
I ask about the highest, lowest and intermediate forms of death.

lōkañca puṇyapāpānām । ētatpṛcchāmi samprati ॥
I ask about the worlds attained through good and bad actions.

amumāhuḥ paraṃ mṛtyum । pavamānaṃ tu madhyamam ॥
The highest death is described as a great transition, while purification represents the middle state.

agnirēvāvamō mṛtyuḥ । candramāśchaturucyatē ॥ 29 ॥
Agni is described as the lower death, and the Moon as another state.

anābhōgāḥ paraṃ mṛtyum । pāpāḥ saṃyanti sarvadā ॥
Those without spiritual merit approach the higher state of death due to their actions.

ābhōgāstvēva saṃyanti । yatra puṇyakṛtō janāḥ ॥
The righteous reach the realms where virtuous beings dwell.

tatō madhyamamāyanti । caturmagniñca samprati ॥
From there they move toward the intermediate path connected with sacred fires.

pṛcchāmi tvā pāpakṛtaḥ । yatra yātyatē yamaḥ ॥
I ask about the destination of sinners and the realm of Yama.

tvannastadbrahman prabrūhi । yadi vētthāsatō gṛhān ॥ 30 ॥
O Divine One, explain the abode of those who follow unrighteous paths, if You know.

kaśyapāduditāḥ sūryāḥ । pāpānnirghnanti sarvadā ॥
The Suns arising from Kaśyapa always remove impurities and darkness.

rōdasyōrantaradēśēṣu । tatra nyasyantē vāsavaiḥ ॥
Between Heaven and Earth, these divine powers are established by the Vasus.

tē ‘śarīrāḥ prapadyantē । yathā puṇyasya karmaṇaḥ ॥
Beings without physical bodies proceed according to their actions.

apāṇyapāda kēśāsaḥ । tatra tē’yōnijā janāḥ ॥
They exist without ordinary bodily forms and are described as non-ordinary beings.

mṛtvā punarmṛtyumāpad yantē । adyamānāḥ svakarmabhiḥ ॥ 31 ॥
They experience repeated death according to the results of their own deeds.

āśātikāḥ krimaya iva । tataḥ pūyantē vāsavaiḥ ॥
Like creatures suffering in difficulty, they are purified by divine forces.

apaitam mṛtyuñjayati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥
One who knows this wisdom conquers death.

sa khalvaivaṃ vidbrāhmaṇaḥ । dīrghaśruttamō bhavati ॥
Such a knower becomes spiritually elevated and renowned.

kaśyapasyātithiḥ siddhagamanaḥ siddhāgamanaḥ । tasyaiṣā bhavati ॥
Kaśyapa is described as one who attains perfected movement and divine realization.

āyasmin sapta vāsavāḥ । rōhanti pūrvyā ruhaḥ ॥ 32 ॥
Upon this foundation, the seven divine powers rise.

ṛṣirha dīrghaśruttamaḥ । indrasya gharmō atithiriti ॥
The sage Dīrghaśruttama declares this as the divine energy of Indra.

kaśyapaḥ paśyakō bhavati । yatsarvaṃ paripaśyatīti saukṣmyāt ॥
Kaśyapa becomes the seer who perceives everything through subtle vision.

agnē naya supathā rāyē asmān । viśvāni dēva vayunāni vidvān ॥
O Agni, lead us through the righteous path toward prosperity. O Divine One, You know all our actions.

yuyōdhyasmajjuhurāṇamēnaḥ । bhūyiṣṭhāntē nama uktiṃ vidhēma iti ॥ 33 ॥
Remove our sins and faults. We offer our deepest salutations to You again and again.

anuvākaḥ 9

agniścha jātavēdāścha । sahōjā ajirāprabhuḥ । vaiśvānaro naryāpāścha । paṅktirādhāścha saptamaḥ । visarpēvā-‘ṣṭamō-‘gnīnām । ētē-‘ṣṭau vasavaḥ, kṣitā iti । yathartvē-vāgnē-rarchirvarṇa viśēṣāḥ । nīlārchiścha pītakārchiśchēti । atha vāyō-rēkādaśa-puruṣasyaikādaśastrīkasya । prabhrājamānā vyavadātāḥ ॥ 34 ॥

English Meaning: Agni appears in many forms such as Jātaveda, Sahojā, Ajira, Prabhu, Vaiśvānara and others. These are considered the eight forms of Agni among the Vasus. According to different seasons, Agni displays different colours and qualities, such as blue and yellow flames. The eleven forms of Vāyu also shine with purity and brilliance.

yāścha vāsuki vaidyutāḥ । rajatāḥ paruṣāḥ śyāmāḥ । kapilā atilōhitāḥ । ūrdhvā avapatantāścha । vaidyuta ityēkādaśa । nainaṃ vaidyutō hinasti । ya ēvaṃ vēda । sa hōvācha vyāsaḥ pārāśaryaḥ । vidyudvadhamēvāham mṛtyumaicChamiti । na tvakāmaṃ hanti ॥ 35 ॥

English Meaning: The eleven forms of lightning are described as shining, silver-like, rough, dark, tawny and intensely red, moving upward and downward. One who understands this knowledge is protected from the destructive power of lightning. Sage Vyāsa said that he desired death through lightning, but it does not harm one who has no attachment or desire.

ya ēvaṃ vēda । atha gandharvagaṇāḥ । svānabhrāṭ । aṅghārirbambhāriḥ । hastassuhastaḥ । kṛśānurviśvāvasuḥ । mūrdhanvān sūryavarchāḥ । kṛtirityēkādaśa gandharvagaṇāḥ । dēvāścha mahādēvāḥ । raśmayaścha dēvā garagīraḥ ॥ 36 ॥

English Meaning: Those who know this understand the groups of Gandharvas and their divine qualities. The eleven Gandharva forms are named as Svānabhrāṭ, Aṅghāri, Bambhāri, Suhasta, Kṛśānu, Viśvāvasu and others. These divine beings, along with the rays of the Sun, represent subtle cosmic energies.

nainaṃ garō hinasti । ya ēvaṃ vēda । gaurī mimāya salilāni takṣatī । ēkapadī dvipadī sā catuṣpadī । aṣṭāpadī navapadī babhūvuṣī । sahasrākṣarā paramē vyōmanni̠ti । vāchō viśēṣaṇam । atha nigadavyākhyātāḥ । tānanukramiṣyāmaḥ । varāhavassvatapaḥ ॥ 37 ॥

English Meaning: One who knows this is not affected by harmful forces. Gaurī, the divine speech, creates and shapes the waters of existence. She is described as having one foot, two feet, four feet, eight feet and nine feet, symbolizing the various forms of cosmic expression. Her thousand syllables exist in the highest heaven.

vidyunmahasō dhūpayaḥ । śvāpayō gṛhamēdhāśchētyētē । yē chēmē-‘śimividviṣaḥ । parjanyāḥ sapta pṛthivīmabhivarṣanti । vṛṣṭibhiriti । ētayaiva vibhakti viparītāḥ । saptabhirvāyairudīritāḥ । amūṃ lōkānabhivarṣanti । tēṣāmēṣā bhavati । samānamētadudakam ॥ 38 ॥

English Meaning: The seven forms of rain-bearing clouds and forces of nature are described. They bring rainfall upon the Earth and nourish different worlds. The same water exists everywhere, though it appears in different forms through the actions of clouds and winds.

ucchaityavā chāhabhiḥ । bhūmiṃ parjanyā jinvanti । divaṃ jinvantyagnaya iti । yadakṣaraṃ bhūtakṛtam । viśvē dēvā upāsatē । maharṣimasya gōptāram । jamadagni makurvata । jamadagni rāpyāyatē । chandaḥbhiśchaturuttaraiḥ । rājñaḥ sōmasya tṛptāsaḥ ॥ 39 ॥

English Meaning: The clouds nourish the Earth through rain, and the fires illuminate the heavens. The imperishable principle created by existence is worshipped by all the gods. The great sage Jamadagni is regarded as its protector, and through sacred metres and divine knowledge, the beings receive fulfilment.

brahmaṇā vīryāvatā । śivā naḥ pradiśō diśaḥ ॥ tacchaṃyōrā vṛṇīmahē । gātuṃ yajñāya । gātuṃ yajñapatayē । daivī svastirastu naḥ । svasti mānuṣēbhyaḥ । ūrdhvaṃ jigātu bhēṣajam । śannō astu dvipadē । śaṃ catuṣpadē । sōmapā asōmapā iti nigadavyākhyātāḥ ॥ 40 ॥

English Meaning: Through the power of Brahman, may all directions become auspicious and peaceful for us. May we attain the path of sacrifice and the Lord of sacrifice. May divine blessings and welfare come to humans. May healing rise upward and may there be peace for both two-footed and four-footed beings. This concludes the explanation of the sacred declaration regarding Soma drinkers and non-drinkers.

anuvākaḥ 10

sahasravṛdiyaṃ bhūmiḥ । paraṃ vyōma sahasravṛt । aśvinā bhujyū nāsatyā । viśvasya jagataspatī ॥ jāyā bhūmiḥ patirvyōma । mithunantā aturyathuḥ । putrō bṛhaspatī rudraḥ । saramā iti strīpumam ॥ śukraṃ vāmanyadyajataṃ vāmanyat । viṣurūpē ahanī dyauriva sthaḥ ॥ 41 ॥

English Meaning: The Earth is described as having countless layers and the highest heaven as infinite. The Aśvinī Kumāras, the divine physicians, are the protectors of the universe. Earth is like the wife and heaven like the husband, representing the union of cosmic principles. The forms of day and night appear diverse like the changing aspects of creation.

viśvā hi māyā avathaḥ svadhāvantau । bhadrā vāṃ pūṣaṇāv iha rātirastu । vāsātyau citrau jagatō nidhānau । dyāvābhūmī charathaḥ saṃ sakhāyau । tāvaśvinā rāsabhāśvā havaṃ mē । śubhaspatī āgataṃ sūryayā saha । tyugrō ha bhujyum aśvinōda mēghē । rayinna kaśchin mamṛvā avāhāḥ । tamūhathur naubhirātmanvatībhiḥ । antarīkṣa pruḍbhirapōdakābhiḥ ॥ 42 ॥

English Meaning: The divine Aśvins, who possess wonderful powers, protect the cosmic order. May Pūṣan grant us blessings and prosperity. Heaven and Earth move together like companions and support all creation. The Aśvins rescued Bhujyu, carrying him safely across the vast ocean through their powerful ships and divine abilities.

tisraḥ kṣapastrirahā ‘tivrajadbhiḥ । nāsatyā bhujyumūhathuḥ pataṅgaiḥ । samudrasya dhanvannārdrasya pāre । tribhī rathaiḥ śatapadbhiḥ ṣaḍaśvaiḥ । savitāraṃ vitanvantam । anubaddhnāti śāmbarḥ । āpapūrṣaṃbaraśchaiva । savitā repasō abhavat । tyaṃ sutṛptaṃ viditvaiva । bahusōma giraṃ vaśī ॥ 43 ॥

English Meaning: The Aśvins carried Bhujyu across the ocean using swift-moving vehicles. Their three chariots, drawn by powerful forces, helped him overcome difficulties. Savitṛ, the divine solar power, spreads light and life. The hymn describes the greatness of divine protection and the fulfilment granted by cosmic forces.

anvēti tugrō vakriyāntam । āyasūyān sōmatṛphsuṣu । sa saṅgrāmaḥ tamōdyō atyōtaḥ । vāchō gāḥ pipāti tat । sa tadgōbhistavā atyētyanyē । rakṣasā nanvitāścha yē । anvēti parivṛttyāstaḥ । ēvamētau sthō aśvinā । tē ētē dyuḥ pṛthivyōḥ । aharahargarbhaṃ dadhāthē ॥ 44 ॥

English Meaning: The divine forces overcome darkness and obstacles. The Aśvins preserve and protect the energies of Heaven and Earth. They continually sustain creation by carrying the seed of life day after day and maintain the balance between the cosmic realms.

tayōrētau vathsau vahōrātrē । pṛthivyā ahaḥ । divō rātriḥ । tā avisṛṣṭau । dampatī ēva bhavataḥ ॥ tayōrētau vathsau । agniścādityaścha । rātrērvathsaḥ । śvēta ādityaḥ । ahnō agniḥ ॥ 45 ॥

English Meaning: Day and night are described as the offspring of Earth and Heaven. They remain together like a divine couple. Agni and Āditya are their expressions, where the night is connected with the Moon-like radiance and the day with the fire of the Sun.

tāmrō aruṇaḥ । tā avisṛṣṭau । dampatī ēva bhavataḥ ॥ tayōrētau vathsau । vṛtraścha vaidyutaścha । agnērvṛtraḥ । vaidyuta ādityasya । tā avisṛṣṭau । dampatī ēva bhavataḥ ॥ tayōrētau vathsau ॥ 46 ॥

English Meaning: The reddish and copper-coloured forms represent different manifestations of cosmic energies. Vṛtra and lightning are described as connected with Agni and Āditya. These forces remain united like a divine pair, creating balance in nature.

uṣmā cha nīhāraścha । vṛtrasyōṣmā । vaidyutasya nīhāraḥ । tau tāvēva pratipadyētē ॥ sēyaṃ rātrī garbhiṇī putrēṇa saṃvasati । tasyā vā ētadulbaṇam । yadrātrau raśmayaḥ । yathā gōrgarbhiṇyā ulbaṇam । ēvamētasyā ulbaṇam । prajayiṣṇuḥ prajayā cha paśubhiścha bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda । ētamudyantamapiyantañchēti । ādityaḥ puṇyasya vathsaḥ । atha pavitrāṅgirasaḥ ॥ 47 ॥

English Meaning: Heat and mist are described as manifestations of natural forces. The night is compared to a pregnant being carrying the potential of creation. One who understands this knowledge becomes blessed with prosperity, children and animals. The Sun is regarded as the pure source that nourishes all existence. This completes the section of Pavitrāṅgirasa.

anuvākaḥ 11

pavitravantaḥ parivājamāsatē । pitaiṣāṃ pratnō abhirakṣati vratam । mahassamudraṃ varuṇa stirodadhē । dhīrā ichChēkurddharuṇēṣvārabham । pavitraṃ tē vitataṃ brahmaṇaspate । prabhurgātrāṇi paryēṣi viśvataḥ । ataptatanūrna tadāmō aśnutē । śṛtāsa idvahan tastatsamāśata । brahmā dēvānām । asataḥ sadyē tatakṣuḥ ॥ 48 ॥

English Meaning: The pure and disciplined seekers follow the sacred path protected by the ancient divine order. Varuṇa holds the vast cosmic ocean, and the wise approach the eternal truth. The sacred purifier of Brahmanaspati spreads everywhere and protects all beings. Those who are not purified cannot attain the highest state.

ṛṣayaḥ saptātriścha yat । sarvē trayō agastyaścha । nakṣatraiḥ śaṅkṛtō avasan । atha savituḥ śyāvāśvasya āvartikāmasya । amī ya ṛkṣā nihitā sa uccaḥ । naktaṃ dadṛśrē kuhachiddivēyuḥ । adabdhāni varuṇasya vratāni । vichākaśachchandramā nakṣatramēti । tatsaviturvarēṇyam । bhargō dēvasya dhīmahi ॥ 49 ॥

English Meaning: The seven sages, along with Agastya and the stars, are described as established in the heavens. The movements of celestial bodies reveal the greatness of Savitṛ. We meditate upon the divine brilliance of Savitṛ, the source of spiritual illumination and wisdom.

dhiyō yō naḥ prachōdayāt ॥ tatsaviturvṛṇīmahē । vayaṃ dēvasya bhōjanam । śrēṣṭhaṃ sarvadhātamam । turaṃ bhagasya dhīmahi । apāgūhata savitā tṛbhīn । sarvāṃ divō andhasaḥ । naktanta tānyabhavandṛśē । asthyasthnā sambhaviṣyāmaḥ ॥ nāma nāmaiva nāma mē ॥ 50 ॥

English Meaning: We seek the divine grace of Savitṛ, who inspires our intellect and provides the highest nourishment. May we receive the blessings of the divine source that sustains all creation. The hidden powers of the heavens become visible through divine wisdom, and all existence emerges through sacred names and forms.

napuṃsakaṃ pumāṃstryasmi । sthāvarōsmyatha jaṅgamaḥ । yajē yakṣi yaṣṭāhē cha । mayā bhūtānyayakṣata । paśavō mama bhūtāni । anūbandhyō asmyahaṃ vibhuḥ । striyaḥ satīḥ । tā u mē puṃsa āhuḥ । paśyada kṣaṇvānna vicētadandhaḥ । kaviryaḥ putraḥ sa imā chikēta ॥ 51 ॥

English Meaning: The speaker identifies with all forms of existence, being neither limited to one gender nor one state. All moving and unmoving beings are connected with the universal Self. The wise person understands this unity, while the ignorant fail to perceive the deeper truth.

yastā vijānāth savituḥ pitā-‘sat । andhō maṇimavindat । tamanangulirāvayat । agrīvaḥ pratyamuñchat । tamajihva asaśchata । ūrdhvamūlamavākśākham । vṛkṣaṃ yā vēda samprati । na sa jātu janaḥ śraddadhyāt । mṛtyurmā mārayāditiḥ । hasitaṃ ruditaṃ gītam ॥ 52 ॥

English Meaning: One who understands the divine origin of Savitṛ realizes the hidden truth. The blind person found the jewel, the one without fingers held it, and the one without a neck wore it. The cosmic tree with roots above and branches below represents the mystery of existence. One who knows this reality understands that birth, death, joy and sorrow are all parts of the divine order.

vīṇā paṇa valāsitam । mṛtañjīvañcha yatkiñchit । aṅgāni snēva viddhi tat । atṛṣyaṃ stṛṣya dhyāyat । asmājjātā mē mithū charann । putrō nirṛtyā vaidēhaḥ । achētā yaścha cētanaḥ । sa taṃ maṇimavindat । sō-‘naṅgulirāvayat । sō-‘grīvaḥ pratyamuñchat ॥ 53 ॥

English Meaning: All sounds, music, life and death are expressions of the same cosmic reality. The body and its parts should be understood as temporary forms. The seeker who realizes the hidden truth discovers the divine jewel of wisdom, even beyond ordinary physical limitations.

sō-‘jihvō asaśchata । naitamṛṣiṃ viditvā nagaraṃ praviśēt । yadi praviśēt । mithau charitvā praviśēt । tatsambhavasya vratam । ā tama agne rathantiṣṭha । ēkāśvameka yōjanam । ēkacakramekadhuram । vāta dhrāji gatiṃ vibho । na riṣyati na vyathatē ॥ 54 ॥

English Meaning: Without understanding the wisdom of the sage, one should not enter into worldly activities blindly. If one enters, one must follow the proper discipline. Agni’s divine chariot is described as moving with one horse, one wheel and one support, representing the unity and power of cosmic movement. The one who knows this remains protected and undisturbed.

nāsyākṣō yātu sajjati । yacchvētāṃ rohītāṃśchāgneḥ । rathe yuktvā-‘dhitiṣṭhati । ēkayā cha daśabhiścha svabhūtē । dvābhyāmiṣṭayē viṃśatyā cha । tisṛbhiścha vahasē triṃśatā cha । niyudbhirvāyaviha tā vimuñcha ॥ 55 ॥

English Meaning: The divine chariot of Agni moves without obstruction. The white and red horses represent different energies of nature. Through various numbers and powers, the cosmic forces carry creation forward. The hymn invokes Vāyu and the divine energies that guide universal movement.

anuvākaḥ 12

ātanuṣva pratanuṣva । uddhamādhamā sandhama । ādityē candravarṇānām । garbhaṃ mā dhēhi yaḥ pumān । itassiktaṃ sūryagatam । candramasē rasaṃ kṛdhi । vārādañjanayāgrē-‘gnim । ya ēkō rudra uchyatē । asaṅkhyātāḥ sahasrāṇi । smaryatē na cha dṛśyatē ॥ 56 ॥

English Meaning: Expand and spread forth the divine power of creation. May the solar and lunar energies nourish the seed of life. The one Rudra is described as infinite, with countless forms that are remembered but cannot be completely seen. The divine presence exists beyond ordinary perception.

ēvamētannibōdhata । ā mandrairindra haribhiḥ । yā hi mayūra rōmabhiḥ । mātvā kēchinniyē muri n na pāśinaḥ । dadhanvēva tā ihi । mā mandrairindra haribhiḥ । yāmi mayūra rōmabhiḥ । mā mā kēchinniyē muri n na pāśinaḥ । nidhānvēva tāmi । aṇubhiścha mahadbhiścha ॥ 57 ॥

English Meaning: Understand this divine truth carefully. Indra is invoked with his powerful horses and energies. The hymn prays for protection from harmful forces and asks for strength through both subtle and great cosmic powers.

nighṛṣvairasamāyutaiḥ । kālairharitvamāpannaiḥ । indrāyāhi sahasra yuk । agnirvibhrāṣṭi vasanaḥ । vāyuḥ śvetasikadrukaḥ । saṃvathsarō viṣū varṇaiḥ । nityāstē anucarāstava । subrahmaṇyaṃ subrahmaṇyaṃ subrahmaṇyōm । indrāgaccha hariva āgaccha mēdhātithēḥ । mēṣa vṛṣaṇaśvasya mēnē ॥ 58 ॥

English Meaning: Indra is invited with countless powerful forces and energies. Agni, Vāyu and Time are described through their different forms and colours. The divine powers are eternal companions of the Supreme. The hymn calls upon Indra to arrive with strength, wisdom and protection.

gaurāvaskandinna-halyāyai jāra । kauśika-brāhmaṇa gautamabrūvāṇa । aruṇāśvā ihāgatāḥ । vasavaḥ pṛthivīkṣitaḥ । aṣṭau digvāsaso ‘gnayaḥ । agniścha jātavēdāśchētyētē । tāmrāśvāstāmrarathāḥ । tāmravarṇāstathā-‘sitāḥ । daṇḍahastāḥ khādagdataḥ । itō rudrāḥ parāṅgatāḥ ॥ 59 ॥

English Meaning: The hymn describes the arrival of divine forces connected with Agni and the Vasus who dwell upon the Earth. The red-coloured horses and chariots symbolize the radiant energies of fire and nature. The eight forms of Agni are praised, while the Rudras are described as moving beyond these visible realms.

uktaṃ sthānaṃ pramāṇañcha pura ita । bṛhaspatiścha savitā cha । viśvarūpairihāgatām । rathēnōdakavartmanā । aphsuṣā iti taddvayōḥ । ukto vēṣō vāsāṃsi cha । kālāvayavānā-mitaḥ pratījyā । vāsātyā ityaśvinōḥ । kō-‘ntarikṣē śabdaṅkarōtīti । vāsiṣṭha rauhiṇō mīmāṃsāṃ chakrē । tasyaiṣā bhavati ॥ vāśrēva vidyuditi ॥ brahmaṇa udaraṇamasi । brahmaṇa udīraṇamasi । brahmaṇa āstaraṇamasi । brahmaṇa upastaraṇamasi ॥ 60 ॥

English Meaning: Bṛhaspati and Savitṛ are invoked in their universal forms, arriving through the divine path. The hymn speaks of the connection between cosmic time, space, and the movements of the Aśvinī gods. The sage Vasiṣṭha reflects upon the mystery of sound in the atmosphere. The final verses identify all expressions, movements and supports as arising from Brahman, the ultimate reality. The devotee recognizes Brahman as the source, foundation and support of all existence.

anuvākaḥ 13 [apakramata garbhiṇyaḥ]

aṣṭayōnīmaṣṭaputrām । aṣṭapatnīmimāṃ mahīm । ahaṃ vēda na mē mṛtyuḥ । na cāmṛtyuraghāharat । aṣṭayōnyaṣṭaputram । aṣṭapadidamantarikṣam । ahaṃ vēda na mē mṛtyuḥ । na cāmṛtyuraghāharat । aṣṭayōnīmaṣṭaputrām । aṣṭapatnīmamuṃ divam ॥ 61 ॥

English Meaning: I know this Earth which has eight sources, eight forms of offspring, and eightfold support. I know the cosmic regions and the heavenly world in the same manner. Through this knowledge, death cannot overcome me, and mortality does not bring destruction to me.

ahaṃ vēda na mē mṛtyuḥ । na cāmṛtyuraghāharat । sutrāmāṇaṃ mahīmūṣu । aditir dyauraditirantarikṣam । aditir mātā sa pitā sa putraḥ । viśvē dēvā aditiḥ pañca janāḥ । aditirjātamaditirjanitvam । aṣṭau putrāso aditēḥ । yē jātā stanvaḥ pari । dēvā(2) upapraitsaptabhiḥ ॥ 62 ॥

English Meaning: Aditi is described as the infinite mother who is the Earth, the sky, and the atmosphere. She is the mother, father, child, and the entire creation. All gods and beings are contained within Aditi. From her eight sons, seven became divine beings, while one was set apart.

parā mārtāṇḍamāsayat । saptabhiḥ putrairaditiḥ । upapraitpūrvyam yugam । prajāyai mṛtyavē tat । parā mārtāṇḍamābharāditi । tānanukramiṣyāmaḥ । mitraścha varuṇaścha । dhātā chāryamā cha । aṃśaścha bhagaścha । indraścha vivasvāṃśchētyētē । hiraṇyagarbho haṃsaśśuciṣat । brahma jajñānaṃ taditpadamiti । garbhaḥ prājāpatyaḥ । atha puruṣaḥ saptapuruṣaḥ ॥ 63 ॥

English Meaning: Aditi’s sons are described as the divine powers connected with cosmic order. The seven important Adityas are Mitra, Varuṇa, Dhātā, Aryamā, Aṃśa, Bhaga, Indra, and Vivasvān. The hymn also speaks of Hiraṇyagarbha, the cosmic source of creation, and the divine principle from which existence emerges.

anuvākaḥ 14

yō’sau tapannudēti । sa sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇānādāyōdēti । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇānādāyōdagāḥ । asau yō ‘stamēti । sa sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇānādāyāstamēti । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇānādāyāstaṅgāḥ । asau ya āpūryati । sa sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairāpūryati ॥ 64 ॥

English Meaning: The rising Sun is described as the one who carries the life force of all beings. The prayer asks that the Sun may not take away the life, prosperity, children, or animals of the worshipper. The setting and fullness of the Sun are seen as movements of universal life energy.

mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairāpūriṣṭhāḥ । asau yo’pakṣīyati । sa sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapakṣīyati । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapakṣēṣṭhāḥ । amūni nakṣatrāṇi । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpanti chōthsarpanti cha । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpata mōthsṛpata ॥ 65 ॥

English Meaning: The decreasing and moving forms of the Sun, stars, and celestial bodies are connected with the life energies of all beings. The prayer seeks protection so that these cosmic movements do not cause loss of life, family, or vital strength.

imē māsāśchārdhamāsāścha । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpanti chōthsarpanti cha । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpata mōthsṛpata । ima ṛtavaḥ । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpanti chōthsarpanti cha । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpata mōthsṛpata । ayaṃ saṃvathsaraḥ । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpati chōthsarpati cha ॥ 66 ॥

English Meaning: Months, half-months, seasons, and the entire year are described as movements of universal life energy. The prayer asks for harmony with these cycles and protection of one’s life, family, and possessions.

mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpa mōthsṛpa । idamahaḥ । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpati chōthsarpati cha । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpa mōthsṛpa । iyaṃ rātriḥ । sarvēṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ prāṇairapa prasarpati chōthsarpati cha । mā mē prajāyā mā paśūnām । mā mama prāṇairapa prasṛpa mōthsṛpa । auṃ bhūrbhuvassvaḥ । ētadvō mithunaṃ mā nō mithunaṃ rīḍhvam ॥ 67 ॥

English Meaning: Day and night are presented as complementary forces sustaining the universe. The prayer seeks balance between these cosmic pairs and asks that the harmony of creation remains undisturbed.

anuvākaḥ 15

athādityasyāṣṭa puruṣasya । vasūnāṃ ādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । rudrāṇāmādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । ādityānāmādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । satāṃ satyānām । ādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । abhidhūnvatāmabhighnatām । vātavatāṃ marutām । ādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । ṛbhūṇāmādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । viśvēṣāṃ dēvānām । ādityānāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । saṃvathsarasya savituḥ । ādityasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । auṃ bhūrbhuvassvaḥ । raśmayō vō mithunaṃ mā nō mithunaṃ rīḍhvam ॥ 68 ॥

English Meaning: This passage describes the radiant positions and energies of the Adityas, Vasus, Rudras, Maruts, Ṛbhus, and all divine beings within the cosmic order. The brilliance of the Sun and the power of Savitṛ are recognized as sources of universal energy. The hymn concludes with a prayer for harmony between the divine forces and the rays of the Sun.

anuvākaḥ 16

ārōgasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । bhrājasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । paṭarasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । pataṅgasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । svarṇarasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । jyōtiṣīmatasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vibhāsasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । kaśyapasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । auṃ bhūrbhuvassvaḥ । āpō vō mithunaṃ mā nō mithunaṃ rīḍhvam ॥ 69 ॥

English Meaning: The radiant forms of Āroga, Bhrāja, Paṭara, Pataṅga, Svarṇarasa, Jyotiṣīmān, Vibhāsa, and Kaśyapa are invoked to shine with their own divine brilliance. May the cosmic waters and energies remain united and harmonious, and may this divine union never be disturbed.

anuvākaḥ 17

atha vāyōrēkādaśa-puruṣasyaikādaśa-strīkasya । prabhrājamānānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vyavadātānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vāsukivaidyutānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । rajatānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । paruṣāṇāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । śyāmānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । kapilānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । atilōhitānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । ūrdhvānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni ॥ 70 ॥

English Meaning: The eleven forms of Rudra connected with Vāyu are described as shining in their own natural brilliance. The various forms—radiant, pure, silver-like, dark, tawny, intensely red, and upward-moving—represent different manifestations of cosmic energy.

avapatantānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vaidyutānāṃ rudrāṇāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । prabhrājamānīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vyavadātīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vāsukivaidyutīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । rajatānāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । paruṣāṇāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । śyāmānāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । kapilānāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । atilōhitīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । ūrdhvānāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । avapatantīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vaidyutīnāṃ rudrāṇīnāṃ sthānē svatējasā bhāni । auṃ bhūrbhuvassvaḥ । rūpāṇi vō mithunaṃ mā nō mithunaṃ rīḍhvam ॥ 71 ॥

English Meaning: The feminine forms of Rudra, called Rudrāṇīs, are also invoked in their various manifestations. Their forms represent different cosmic powers and energies. May these divine forms remain united and balanced without separation.

anuvākaḥ 18

athāgnēraṣṭa puruṣasya ॥ agnēḥ pūrvadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । jātavēdasa upadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । sahōjasaḥ dakṣiṇadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । ajirāprabhavasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । vaiśvānarasyāparadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । naryāpasa upadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । paṅktirādhasa udagdiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । visarpiṇa upadiśyasya sthānē svatējasā bhāni । auṃ bhūrbhuvassvaḥ । diśō vō mithunaṃ mā nō mithunaṃ rīḍhvam ॥ 72 ॥

English Meaning: The eight forms of Agni are invoked according to the directions of space. Jātavēdas, Sahōjas, Ajirāprabhava, Vaiśvānara, Naryāpās, Paṅktirādhas, and Visarpiṇa are recognized as radiant forms of sacred fire. May all directions remain harmonious and united.

anuvākaḥ 19

dakṣiṇapūrvasyaṃ diśi visarpi narakaḥ । tasmānnaḥ paripāhi । dakṣiṇāparasyaṃ diśi visarpi narakaḥ । tasmānnaḥ paripāhi । uttara pūrvasyaṃ diśi viṣādī narakaḥ । tasmānnaḥ paripāhi । uttarāparasyaṃ diśi viṣādī narakaḥ । tasmānnaḥ paripāhi । ā yasmin sapta vāsavā indriyāṇi śatakrata vityētē ॥ 73 ॥

English Meaning: The prayer seeks protection from harmful forces and negative states existing in all directions. O divine power, protect us from these dangers and grant safety. The seven divine energies and powers of Indra are remembered as sources of protection.

anuvākaḥ 20

indra ghōṣā vō vasubhiḥ purastād upadadhatām । manōjavasō vaḥ pitṛbhir dakṣiṇata upadadhatām । pracētā vō rudraiḥ paścād upadadhatām । viśvakarmā va ādityairuttarata upadadhatām । tvaṣṭā vō rūpairupariṣṭād upadadhatām । saṃjñānaṃ vaḥ paścāditi । ādityaḥ sarvō’gniḥ pṛthivyām । vāyurantarikṣē । sūryō divi । candramā dikṣu । nakṣatrāṇi svalōkē । ēva hyeva । ēva hyagnē । ēva hi vāyō । ēva hīndra । ēva hi pūṣan । ēva hi dēvāḥ ॥ 74 ॥

English Meaning: Indra, Vasus, Pitṛs, Rudras, Ādityas, Viśvakarmā, and Tvaṣṭā are invoked to establish divine protection in all directions. The Sun, Fire, Air, Moon, and Stars are described as sustaining different realms of existence. All divine forces work together in cosmic harmony.

anuvākaḥ 21

āpamāpāmapaḥ sarvāḥ । asmādasmāditō’mutaḥ । agnirvāyuścha sūryaścha । saha saṃcaskarar-dhiyā । vāyvaśvā raśmipatayaḥ । marīcyātmānō adruhaḥ । dēvīr bhuvana sūvarīḥ । putravatvāya mē suta । mahānāmnīrmahāmānāḥ । mahasō mahasassvaḥ ॥ 75 ॥

English Meaning: All sacred waters from every direction are invoked along with Agni, Vāyu, and Sūrya. The divine rays and powers that sustain the worlds are praised. A prayer is offered for prosperity, worthy offspring, and the expansion of divine energy.

dēvīḥ parjanya sūvarīḥ । putravatvāya mē suta । apāśnyuṣṇimapā rakṣaḥ । apāśnyuṣṇimapā ragham । apāghrāmapa chāvartim । apa dēvīritō hita । vajraṃ dēvīrajītāścha । bhuvanaṃ dēvasūvarīḥ । ādityānaditiṃ dēvīm । yoninōrdhvamudīṣata ॥ 76 ॥

English Meaning: The divine powers of rain and nourishment are invoked for prosperity and growth. Protection is sought from harmful influences, obstacles, and negativity. The divine mother Aditi and the cosmic powers of the Ādityas are asked to uplift and bless creation.

bhadraṃ karṇēbhiḥ śṛṇuyāma dēvāḥ । bhadraṃ paśyēmākṣabhir-yajatrāḥ । sthirairaṅgai stuṣṭuvāṃsastanūbhiḥ । vyaśēma dēvahitaṃ yadāyuḥ । svasti na indrō vṛddhaśravāḥ । svasti naḥ pūṣā viśvavēdāḥ । svasti nastārkṣyō ariṣṭanēmiḥ । svasti nō bṛhaspatir-dadhātu । kētavō aruṇāsaścha । ṛṣayō vātarśanāḥ । pratiṣṭhāṃ śatadhā hi । samāhitāsō sahasradhāyasam ॥ śivā naḥ śantamā bhavantu । divyā āpa ōṣadhayaḥ । sumṛḍīkā sarasvati । mā tē vyōma sandṛśi ॥ 77 ॥

English Meaning: May we hear auspicious things with our ears and see blessed things with our eyes. May we live a full life with strong bodies while praising the divine. May Indra, Pūṣan, Tārkṣya, and Bṛhaspati grant us welfare. May the sages, waters, herbs, and Sarasvatī bless us with peace, protection, and prosperity.

anuvākaḥ 22

yō-‘pāṃ puṣpaṃ vēda । puṣpavān prajāvān paśumān bhavati । candramā vā apāṃ puṣpam । puṣpavān prajāvān paśumān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: One who understands the flower of the waters becomes blessed with prosperity, good offspring, and abundance of cattle. The Moon is considered the flower of the cosmic waters, and knowing this truth grants the person growth, fertility, and prosperity.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । agnirvā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yō-‘gnērāyatanaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: One who knows the foundation and source of the waters gains stability and support. Fire is the foundation of the waters, and one who understands the relationship between Agni and water attains strength and completeness.

āyatanavān bhavati । āpō vā agnērāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: Water itself is the foundation of Fire. The one who knows this cosmic connection becomes established and receives the blessings of balance between the elements.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । vāyurvā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yō vāyōrāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati ॥

English Meaning: The one who knows the source of waters becomes strong and established. Air is also considered the foundation of waters, and understanding the connection between Vāyu and water grants stability and harmony.

āpō vai vāyōrāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: Water is the foundation of Air. One who realizes this truth becomes firmly established in life and gains inner strength.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । asau vai tapan nāpāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yō-‘muṣya tapata āyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । āpō vā amuṣya tapata āyatanam ॥

English Meaning: The one who knows the source of waters gains stability. The shining Sun is the foundation of the waters, and the waters are also the foundation of the Sun’s power. Understanding this relationship gives spiritual strength and completeness.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । candramā vā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yaścandramasa āyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । āpō vai candramasa āyatanam ॥

English Meaning: The Moon is the foundation of the waters, and the waters are the foundation of the Moon. One who understands this connection becomes blessed with stability, nourishment, and harmony.

ya ēvaṃ vēda । yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । nakṣatrāṇi vā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yō nakṣatrāṇāmāyatanaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: One who knows the source of waters becomes established. The stars are connected with the waters, and knowing their cosmic foundation brings awareness of the deeper order of creation.

āpō vai nakṣatrāṇāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: The waters are the foundation of the stars. The person who understands this truth attains stability and harmony with the cosmic forces.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । parjanyō vā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yaḥ parjanyasyāyatanaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: One who knows the source of waters gains prosperity. Rain-bearing clouds are the foundation of waters, and understanding their source grants abundance and well-being.

āpō vai parjanyasyāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: Water is the foundation of rain clouds. One who realizes this relationship becomes established in the cycle of nature and life.

yō-‘pāmāyatanaṃ vēda । āyatanavān bhavati । saṃvathsarō vā apāmāyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । yaḥ saṃvathsarasya āyatanaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: One who knows the source of waters gains stability. The year (Saṃvatsara) is the foundation of waters, and understanding the cosmic cycle of time brings completeness.

āpō vai saṃvathsarasya āyatanaṃ । āyatanavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: Water is the foundation of the year, and the year is connected with the movement of creation. One who knows this truth becomes established in cosmic order.

yō-‘phsu nāvaṃ pratiṣṭhitāṃ vēda । pratyeva tiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: One who knows the boat established in the waters becomes firmly established and protected.

imē vai lōkā aphsu pratiṣṭhitāḥ । tadēṣā-‘bhyanūktā ॥

English Meaning: These worlds are sustained and established in the waters. This truth has been expressed through the following sacred verse.

apāṃ rasaṃ udayagṃsan । sūryē śukraṃ samābhṛtam । apāṃ rasasya yō rasaḥ । taṃ vō gṛhṇāmyuttamamiti ॥

English Meaning: The essence of waters rises and becomes gathered in the Sun as radiant energy. I receive that supreme essence of the waters, which is the highest and most nourishing.

imē vai lōkā apāṃ rasaḥ । tē-‘muṣminnādityē samābhṛtāḥ ॥

English Meaning: These worlds are the essence of the waters, and this essence is gathered in the Sun, which sustains all existence.

jānuda ghnīmuttaravēdīṃ khātvā । apāṃ pūrayitvā gulphadaghnam ॥

English Meaning: The sacred altar is prepared and filled with water up to the required level as part of the ritual practice.

puṣkaraparṇaiḥ puṣkaradaṇḍaiḥ puṣkaraiśca saṃstīrya । tasmin vihāyasē ॥

English Meaning: The sacred space is spread with lotus leaves, lotus stems, and lotus flowers, creating a pure and divine atmosphere.

agnim praṇīyōpasamādhāya । brahmavādino vadanti ॥

English Meaning: After bringing and establishing the sacred fire, the knowers of Brahman discuss its deeper meaning.

kasmāt praṇītē’yamagniścityatē । sā praṇītē’yamapsu hyayañcityatē ॥

English Meaning: The sages ask: Why is this fire established after being brought here? The answer is that this fire is connected with and established within the waters.

asau bhuvanē’pyanāhitāgnirētaḥ । tamabhita ētā abhīṣṭakā upadadhāti ॥

English Meaning: The divine fire exists even in the universe without physical installation. The sacred bricks are placed around it as symbols of cosmic support.

agnihōtrē darśapūrṇamāsayōḥ । paśubandhē cāturmāsyēṣu ॥

English Meaning: This sacred fire principle is applied in rituals such as Agnihotra, new and full moon sacrifices, animal offerings, and seasonal sacrifices.

athō āhuḥ । sarvēṣu yajñakratūṣviti । ētaddha sma vā āhuḥ śaṇḍilāḥ । kama agniṃ cinutē । satriyam agniṃ cinvānaḥ । saṃvathsaraṃ pratyakṣēṇa ॥

English Meaning: The sages say that this sacred fire is present in all sacrificial rituals. The Śāṇḍila sages taught that one who establishes the sacrificial fire gains the realization of the year cycle directly through this sacred practice.

kama agniṃ cinutē । sāvitraṃ agniṃ cinvānaḥ । amumādityaṃ pratyakṣēṇa ॥

English Meaning: One who establishes the Savitra fire gains direct awareness of the Sun, the divine source of light and energy.

kama agniṃ cinutē ॥

English Meaning: One who performs the sacred fire ritual attains the desired fulfillment and spiritual benefit.

nāchikēta agniṃ cinvānaḥ । prāṇān pratyakṣēṇa ॥

English Meaning: One who establishes the Nachiketa fire realizes the life-force (Prāṇa) directly and understands the connection between fire and vital energy.

kama agniṃ cinutē । cāturhōtriya agniṃ cinvānaḥ । brahma pratyakṣēṇa ॥

English Meaning: One who establishes the fourfold sacrificial fire attains direct knowledge of Brahman, the supreme reality.

kama agniṃ cinutē । vaiśvasṛjaṃ agniṃ cinvānaḥ । śarīraṃ pratyakṣēṇa ॥

English Meaning: One who establishes the Vaiśvasṛja fire gains awareness of the physical body and its connection with the cosmic elements.

kama agniṃ cinutē । upānuvākyamāśu agniṃ cinvānaḥ ॥

English Meaning: One who establishes the Upānuvākya fire quickly attains the desired spiritual results.

imān lokān pratyakṣēṇa । kama agniṃ cinutē ॥

English Meaning: Through this sacred fire practice, one directly understands these worlds and attains fulfillment of desires.

imam āruṇa-kētukam agniṃ cinvāna iti । ya ēvāsau itaścāmutaścāvyatipātī ॥

English Meaning: The one who establishes the Āruṇa-kētu fire understands the divine principle that exists both in this world and beyond, without separation.

tamiti ॥

English Meaning: That supreme reality is referred to as “That” (Tat), the eternal divine principle.

yō-‘gnērmithūyā vēda । mithunavān bhavati ॥

English Meaning: One who understands the union and complementary nature of Fire becomes blessed with harmony, completeness, and creative power.

āpō vā agnēr mithūyāḥ । mithunavān bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: The waters are the counterpart and complementary force of Fire. One who knows this sacred relationship attains balance, prosperity, and fulfillment.

anuvākaḥ 23

āpō vā idamāsan salilamēva । sa prajāpati rēkaḥ puṣkaraparṇē samabhavat । tasyāntar manasi kāmaḥ samavartata । idaṃ sṛjēyamiti ॥

English Meaning: In the beginning, all this universe was only water in the form of cosmic waters. Prajāpati, the Lord of creation, existed alone upon a lotus leaf. Within his mind arose the desire: “May I create this universe.”

tasmād yatpuruṣō manasā-‘bhigacchati । tadvācā vadati । tatkarmaṇā karōti ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, whatever a person first conceives in the mind, he expresses through speech and then performs through action. Creation begins with thought, moves through words, and manifests through deeds.

tadēṣā-‘bhyanūktā । kāmastadagrē samavartatādhi । manasō rētaḥ prathamaṃ yadāsīt ॥

English Meaning: This truth has been declared in the sacred verse: Desire arose first at the beginning of creation; it was the first seed of the mind from which manifestation emerged.

satō bandhumasati niravindan । hṛdi pratīṣyā kavayō manīṣēti ॥

English Meaning: The wise sages discovered the connection between the manifest and unmanifest through deep contemplation in their hearts and through the power of spiritual wisdom.

upainantadupanamati । yatkāmō bhavati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: The desired object approaches the one who understands this truth. Whoever knows this becomes capable of attaining the fulfillment of righteous desires.

sa tapō-‘tapyata । sa tapastaptvā । śarīramadhūnuta ॥

English Meaning: Prajāpati performed intense spiritual austerity. After completing that austerity, he shook his own being and from it creation began to emerge.

tasya yanmāṃsamāsīt । tatō-‘ruṇāḥ kētavō vātaśanā ṛṣaya udatiṣṭhan ॥

English Meaning: From the essence of his body arose the Aruṇa Ketu sages, who were radiant beings living through spiritual discipline.

yē nakhāḥ । tē vaikhānasāḥ । yē vālāḥ । tē vālakilyāḥ ॥

English Meaning: From the nails arose the Vaikhānasa sages, and from the hairs arose the Vālakhilya sages.

yō rasaḥ । sō-‘pām । antarataḥ kūrmaṃ bhūtaṃ sarpantam ॥

English Meaning: The vital essence became the waters, and within them appeared the tortoise-like cosmic being moving within creation.

tamabravīt । mama vai tvaṃ māṃsā samabhūḥ ॥

English Meaning: The cosmic being was addressed: “You have arisen from my own essence and existence.”

nētyabravīt । pūrvamēvāhamihāsamiti ॥

English Meaning: The being replied: “No, I existed here even before this; I am of an earlier origin.”

tatpuruṣasya puruṣatvam । sa sahasraśīrṣā puruṣaḥ । sahasrākṣaḥ sahasrapāt ॥

English Meaning: This reveals the supreme nature of the Cosmic Person (Puruṣa), who has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes, and a thousand feet, representing infinite existence.

bhūtvōdatiṣṭhat । tamabravīt । tvaṃ vai pūrvaṃ samabhūḥ । tvamidam pūrvaṃ kuruṣvēti ॥

English Meaning: Having manifested, the Cosmic Person arose. He was instructed: “You existed first; therefore establish and organize this creation.”

sa ita ādāyāpaḥ ॥

English Meaning: Then he took the waters and began the process of creation.

añjalinā purastād upādadhtāt । ēvāhyēvēti ॥

English Meaning: With joined hands he placed the waters in the eastern direction, affirming the sacred order of creation.

tata āditya udatiṣṭhat । sā prācī dik ॥

English Meaning: From this arose the Sun, and that direction became the eastern direction.

athāruṇaḥ kēturdakṣiṇata upādadhtāt । ēvāhyagna iti ॥

English Meaning: Then the Aruṇa Ketu was established in the southern direction, symbolizing the presence of Agni.

tatō vā agnirudatiṣṭhat । sā dakṣiṇā dik ॥

English Meaning: From this arose Fire, and that became the southern direction.

athāruṇaḥ kētuḥ paścādupādadhtāt । ēvā hi vāyō iti ॥

English Meaning: Then the Aruṇa Ketu was placed in the western direction, representing the principle of Vāyu.

tatō vāyurudatiṣṭhat । sā pratīcī dik ॥

English Meaning: From this arose Air, and that became the western direction.

athāruṇaḥ kēturuttarata upādadhtāt । ēvā hīndrēti ॥

English Meaning: Then the Aruṇa Ketu was placed in the northern direction, representing Indra.

tatō vā indra udatiṣṭhat । sōdīcī dik ॥

English Meaning: From this arose Indra, and that became the northern direction.

athāruṇaḥ kēturmaddhya upādadhtāt । ēvā hi pūṣanniti ॥

English Meaning: Then the Aruṇa Ketu was placed in the center, representing Pūṣan, the nourisher.

tatō vai pūṣōdatiṣṭhat । sēyandik ॥

English Meaning: From this arose Pūṣan, and this became the central direction.

athāruṇaḥ kēturupariṣṭādupādadhtāt । ēvā hi dēvā iti ॥

English Meaning: Then the Aruṇa Ketu was placed above, representing the divine beings.

tatō dēvā manuṣyāḥ pitaraḥ । gandharvā apsarasaścodatiṣṭhan ॥

English Meaning: From this arose gods, humans, ancestors, Gandharvas, and celestial beings.

sōrdhvā dik ॥

English Meaning: This became the upward direction.

yā vipruṣō viparāpatann । tābhyō-‘surā rakṣāṃsi piśācāścōdatiṣṭhan ॥

English Meaning: From the scattered drops that fell away arose demons, harmful beings, and spirits.

tasmāttē parābhavann । vipruḍbhyō hi tē samabhavann ॥

English Meaning: Because they arose from scattered fragments, they became separated from the higher order and were defeated.

tadēṣā-‘bhyanūktā ॥

English Meaning: This truth has been expressed in the following sacred verse.

āpō ha yad bṛhatīr garbhamāyan । dakṣaṃ dadhānā janayantīḥ svayambhum ॥

English Meaning: The vast waters carried the cosmic seed within them, holding creative power and giving birth to the self-existent being.

tata imē’dhya sṛjyanta sargāḥ ॥

English Meaning: From that source, these various creations and worlds came into existence.

adbhyō vā idaṃ samabhūt ॥

English Meaning: Truly, this entire creation arose from the waters.

tasmādidaṃ sarvaṃ brahma svayambhviti ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, everything in existence is connected with Brahman, the self-born supreme reality.

tasmādidaṃ sarvaṃ śithilamiva dhruvamivābhavat ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, all creation appears both changing and yet held in a stable cosmic order.

prajāpatirvāva tat । ātmanā-”tmānaṃ vidhāya । tadēvānu praviśat ॥

English Meaning: That reality was Prajāpati himself. Having created the universe through his own being, he entered into his creation.

tadēṣā-‘bhyanūktā ॥

English Meaning: This truth is again declared in the sacred verse.

vidhāya lōkān vidhāya bhūtāni । vidhāya sarvāḥ pratiśō diśaśca ॥

English Meaning: Having created the worlds, all beings, and all directions, the Creator established the complete cosmic order.

prajāpatiḥ prathamajā ṛtasya ॥

English Meaning: Prajāpati is the first-born of cosmic truth (Ṛta), the eternal order governing existence.

ātmanā-”tmānamabhisaṃvivēśēti ॥

English Meaning: He entered into all beings through his own divine Self.

sarvamēvēdamāptvā । sarvamavaruddhya । tadēvānu praviśati । ya ēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: Having pervaded everything and having embraced all existence, the Supreme Being enters into all creation. One who knows this realizes the unity of all existence.

anuvākaḥ 24

catuṣṭayya āpō gṛhṇāti । catvāri vā apāṃ rūpāṇi । meghō vidyut । stanayitnurvṛṣṭiḥ । tānyēvāvarundhē ॥

English Meaning: Four forms of waters are collected. The four forms of water are clouds, lightning, thunder, and rain. Through this ritual, these forms of water are symbolically obtained and controlled.

ātapati varṣyā gṛhṇāti । tāḥ purastādupadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: The water heated by the Sun and the water that produces rain are collected and placed in the eastern direction as part of the sacred arrangement.

ētā vai brahmavarcasyā āpaḥ । mukhata ēva brahmavarcasaṃ avarundhē ॥

English Meaning: These waters represent spiritual brilliance and sacred knowledge. Through them, one attains the radiance and strength of Brahman from the very source of expression.

tasmān mukhatō brahmavarcasi taraḥ ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, the person who possesses this knowledge becomes more radiant and spiritually powerful through speech and wisdom.

kūpyā gṛhṇāti । tā dakṣiṇata upadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: Water from wells is collected and placed in the southern direction.

ētā vai tējasvinīrāpaḥ । tēja ēvāsya dakṣiṇatō dadhāti ॥

English Meaning: These waters represent brilliance and energy. By placing them in the south, one establishes strength and radiance.

tasmād dakṣiṇōrdhaḥ tējasvitaraḥ ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, the southern side becomes associated with greater energy and power.

sthāvarā gṛhṇāti । tāḥ paścād upadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: Still and stable waters are collected and placed in the western direction.

pratiṣṭhitā vai sthāvarāḥ । paścādēva pratitiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: Stable waters represent firmness and foundation; therefore, one becomes firmly established through this arrangement.

vahantīr gṛhṇāti ॥

English Meaning: Flowing waters are collected.

tā uttarata upadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: These flowing waters are placed in the northern direction.

ōjasā vā ētā vahantīriva udgatīriva ākūjatīriva dhāvatīḥ ॥

English Meaning: These flowing waters represent strength, movement, sound, and continuous energy.

ōja ēvāsyōttaratō dadhāti ॥

English Meaning: Through them, vitality and strength are established in the northern direction.

tasmāduttarōrdha ōjasvitaraḥ ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, the northern side becomes associated with greater strength and power.

sabhāṃryā gṛhṇāti । tā madhya upadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: The waters belonging to the assembly are collected and placed in the center.

iyaṃ vai sabhāṃryāḥ । asyāmēva pratitiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: The central place represents the gathering of beings and stability; one becomes established in harmony and society.

palvalyā gṛhṇāti । tā upariṣṭād upādadhāti ॥

English Meaning: Water from small ponds is collected and placed above.

asau vai palvalyāḥ । amuṣyāmēva pratitiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: These waters represent the higher realms, and through them one becomes connected with the celestial sphere.

dikṣūpadhadhāti । dikṣu vā āpaḥ ॥

English Meaning: Waters are placed in the directions because water exists throughout all directions.

annaṃ vā āpaḥ । adbhyō vā annaṃ jāyatē ॥

English Meaning: Water itself is food, and from water food is produced.

yadēvādbhyō’nnaṃ jāyatē । tadavarundhē ॥

English Meaning: Whatever nourishment arises from water is attained and preserved through this knowledge.

taṃ vā ētamaruṇāḥ kētavō vātaśanā ṛṣayō’cinvan ॥

English Meaning: The Aruṇa Ketu sages, who lived through spiritual discipline, established and realized this sacred fire.

tasmādāruṇa kētukaḥ ॥

English Meaning: Therefore, this sacred fire is known as Āruṇa Ketu.

tadēṣā-‘bhyanūktā ॥

English Meaning: This truth is expressed in the following sacred verse.

kētavō aruṇāsaśca । ṛṣayō vātaśanāḥ ॥

English Meaning: The radiant Aruṇa sages and the disciplined seers are mentioned as those connected with this sacred knowledge.

pratiṣṭhāṃ śatadhā hi । samāhitāsō sahasradhāyasamiti ॥

English Meaning: They attained countless forms of stability and established themselves through deep concentration and spiritual power.

śataśaścaiva sahasraśaśca pratitiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: One who knows and performs this sacred fire becomes established in hundreds and thousands of ways.

ya ētamagniṃ cinutē । ya uchainamēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: The one who builds this sacred fire and the one who understands its true meaning attain the blessings of this knowledge.

anuvākaḥ 25

jānudaghnīmuttaravēdīṃ khātvā । apāṃ pūrayati । apāṃ sarvatvāya ॥

English Meaning: After digging the northern altar pit up to the depth of the knee, it is filled with water. This represents the completeness and totality of all waters.

puṣkaraparṇaṃ rukmaṃ puruṣamityupadhadhāti । tapō vai puṣkaraparṇam । satyaṃ rukmaḥ । amṛtaṃ puruṣaḥ ॥

English Meaning: A lotus leaf, a golden plate, and the Cosmic Person are placed symbolically. The lotus leaf represents spiritual austerity (Tapas), the golden plate represents Truth (Satya), and the Person represents immortality (Amṛta).

ētāvadvā vāsti । yāvadētad । yāvadēvāsti ॥

English Meaning: This is the extent of all existence. Whatever is present in this creation is contained within this sacred understanding.

tadavarundhē । kūrmamupadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: Through this act, that desired completeness is attained. The tortoise symbol is placed as a representation of stability and support.

apāmēva mēdhamavarundhē । athō svargasya lōkasya samaṣṭyai ॥

English Meaning: The tortoise represents the essence and strength of the waters. It also symbolizes the complete attainment of the heavenly realm.

āpamāpāma paḥ sarvāḥ । asmādasmāditō-‘mutaḥ ॥

English Meaning: All forms of water, from every direction and from this world and beyond, are invoked and gathered.

agnirvāyuśca sūryaśca । saha saṃcaskarardhiyā iti ॥

English Meaning: Fire, Air, and the Sun together create and sustain cosmic prosperity and growth.

vāyvaśvā raśmipatayaḥ । lōkaṃ pṛṇa cchidraṃ pṛṇa ॥

English Meaning: The winds, moving like horses and carrying rays of energy, are invoked to fill the worlds and remove all emptiness and imperfections.

yāstisraḥ paramajāḥ ॥

English Meaning: These are the three highest and most primordial forms of existence.

indraghōṣā vō vasubhirēvāhyēvēti ॥

English Meaning: The divine forces associated with Indra and the Vasus are invoked, representing strength, protection, and abundance.

pañca citaya upadhadhāti । pāṅktō-‘gniḥ । yāvānēvāgniḥ । taṃ cinutē ॥

English Meaning: Five layers of sacred fire altar are established. The fire is connected with the fivefold structure, and through this the complete form of Agni is established.

lōkaṃ pṛṇayā dvitīyāmupadhadhāti ॥

English Meaning: The second layer is placed with the intention of filling and sustaining the worlds.

pañcapadā vai virāṭ ॥

English Meaning: The cosmic form Virāṭ is described as having five parts.

tasyā vā iyaṃ pādaḥ । antarikṣaṃ pādaḥ । dyauḥ pādaḥ ॥

English Meaning: Of that cosmic form, this Earth is one part, the intermediate space is another part, and Heaven is another part.

diśaḥ pādaḥ । parōrajāḥ pādaḥ ॥

English Meaning: The directions form another part, and the supreme radiant realm forms the fifth part.

virājyēva prati tiṣṭhati ॥

English Meaning: Through this knowledge, one becomes firmly established in the cosmic order and in the greatness of Virāṭ.

ya ētamagniṃ cinutē । ya uchainamēvaṃ vēda ॥

English Meaning: The one who builds this sacred fire, and the one who understands its deeper meaning, attains the blessings of this sacred knowledge.

anuvākaḥ 26

a̠gni-mpra̠ṇīyō̍pa-samā̠dhāya̍ । tama̠bhita̍ ē̠tā a̠bhīṣṭa̍kā̠ upa̍dadhāti । a̠gni̠hō̠trē da̍rśapūrṇa-mā̠sayō̎ḥ । pa̠śu̠ba̠ndhē chā̍turmā̠syēṣu̍ । athō̍ āhuḥ । sarvē̍ṣu yajñakra̠tuṣviti̍ । atha̍ hasmā hāru̠ṇa-ssvā̍ya̠mbhuva̍ḥ । sā̠vi̠tra-ssarvō̠-‘gni-rityana̍nuṣaṅga-mmanyāmahē । nānā̠ vā ē̠tēṣā̎ṃ vī̠ryā̍ṇi ॥ kama̠gniñchi̍nutē ॥ 106 ॥

English Meaning: After bringing and establishing the sacred fire, these desired bricks are placed around it. This fire is used in Agnihotra, Darśapūrṇamāsa sacrifices, Paśubandha and Cāturmāsya rituals. Some sages declare that it is used in all sacrificial rites. Aruṇa Svāyambhuva taught that the Sāvitra fire is considered the supreme fire, but each form of fire possesses different powers and qualities. One who performs the fire ritual obtains the desired blessings.

sa̠tri̠ya ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē । sā̠vi̠tra ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē । nā̠chi̠kē̠ta ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē । chā̠tu̠r̠ hō̠tri̠ya-ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē । vai̠śva̠sṛ̠ja ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē ॥ 107 ॥

English Meaning: The person who builds the Sātriya fire obtains his desired wish. The one who establishes the Sāvitra fire gains his desired result. The one who performs the Nāchiketa fire ritual receives fulfillment. The one who establishes the Cāturhotriya and Vaiśvasṛja fires also attains his desired purpose.

u̠pā̠nu̠vā̠kya̍-mā̠śu ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠naḥ । kama̠gniñchi̍nutē । i̠mamā̍ruṇa-kētuka ma̠gniñchi̍nvā̠na iti̍ ॥ vṛṣā̠ vā a̠gniḥ । vṛṣā̍ṇau̠ saggsphā̍layēt । ha̠nyētā̎sya ya̠jñaḥ । tasmā̠nnānu̠ṣajya̍ḥ ॥ sōtta̍ravē̠diṣu̍ kra̠tuṣu̍ chinvīta । u̠tta̠ra̠vē̠dyāg hya̍gniśchī̠yatē̎ ॥ pra̠jākā̍maśchinvīta । 108 ॥

English Meaning: The person who establishes the Upānuvākya and Āśu fires attains his desired goal. This Aruṇa-Ketuka fire is also established with a specific purpose. Agni is compared to a powerful bull; if two powerful forces are brought together improperly, the sacrifice may be harmed. Therefore, this fire should be constructed only in proper rituals connected with the Uttaravedi. One who desires children should perform this fire ritual.

prā̠jā̠pa̠tyō vā ē̠ṣō̎-‘gniḥ । prā̠jā̠pa̠tyāḥ pra̠jāḥ । pra̠jāvā̎-nbhavati । ya ē̠vaṃ vēda̍ । pa̠śukā̍maśchinvīta । sa̠ñjñāna̠ṃ vā ē̠ta-tpa̍śū̠nām । yadāpa̍ḥ । pa̠śū̠nāmē̠va sa̠jñānnē̠ ‘gniñchi̍nutē । pa̠śu̠mā-nbha̍vati । ya ē̠vaṃ vēda̍ ॥ 109 ॥

English Meaning: This fire is related to Prajāpati, and the creatures are the descendants of Prajāpati. One who knows this becomes blessed with offspring. One who desires cattle should establish this fire, because water represents the connection and recognition among animals. By establishing the fire with this understanding, one becomes prosperous with cattle.

vṛṣṭi̍kāmaśchinvīta । āpō̠ vai vṛṣṭi̍ḥ । pa̠rjanyō̠ varṣu̍kō bhavati । ya ē̠vaṃ vēda̍ । ā̠ma̠yā̠vī chi̍nvīta । āpō̠ vai bhē̍ṣa̠jam । bhē̠ṣa̠ja-mē̠vāsmai̍ karōti । sarva̠māyu̍rēti । a̠bhi̠charagg̍ śchinvīta । vajrō̠ vā āpa̍ḥ ॥ 110 ॥

English Meaning: One who desires rain should perform this fire ritual, because water itself is the source of rainfall and Parjanya becomes the giver of rain. One who understands this receives rain. A person suffering from illness should perform it, because water is the medicine and provides healing. Through this, one obtains full life. For overcoming enemies, this ritual is performed because water itself is considered a powerful weapon like a thunderbolt.

vajra̍mē̠va bhrātṛ̍vyēbhya̠ḥ praha̍rati । stṛ̠ṇu̠ta ē̍nam । tēja̍skāmō̠ yaśa̍skāmaḥ । bra̠hma̠va̠rcha̠sakā̍ma-ssva̠rgakā̍maśchinvīta । ē̠tā va̠dvā vā̎sti । yāva̍dē̠tat । yāva̍dē̠vāsti̍ । tadava̍rundhē । tasyai̠ tadvra̠tam । varṣa̍ti̠ na dhā̍vēt ॥ 111 ॥

English Meaning: The performer uses this ritual as a thunderbolt against enemies and destroys opposing forces. One who desires brilliance, fame, spiritual radiance, or heaven should perform this fire ritual. Whatever exists in this world and beyond can be attained through it. This becomes the sacred discipline of the performer. When it rains, one should not run away but remain steady.

a̠mṛta̠ṃ vā āpa̍ḥ । a̠mṛta̠syā-na̍ntarityai ॥ nāphsu-mūtra̍purī̠ṣaṅku̍ryāt । na niṣṭhī̍vēt । na vi̠vasa̍na-ssnāyāt । guhyō̠ vā ē̠ṣō̎-‘gniḥ । ē̠tasyā̠gnē rana̍ti dāhāya ॥ na pu̍ṣkarapa̠rṇāni̠ hira̍ṇya̠ṃ vā-‘dhi̠tiṣṭhē̎t । ē̠tasyā̠gnē-rana̍bhyārōhāya ॥ na kūrma̠syāśñī̍yāt । nōda̠kasyā̠-ghātu̍kā̠nyēna̍-mōda̠kāni̍ bhavanti । a̠ghātu̍kā̠ āpa̍ḥ । ya ē̠tama̠gniñchi̍nu̠tē । ya u̍chainamē̠vaṃ vēda̍ ॥ 112 ॥

English Meaning: Water is considered immortal, and this knowledge protects one from separation from immortality. One should not urinate or defile water, should not spit into it, and should not bathe without proper respect. This fire is sacred and hidden in nature; improper actions do not cause harm to it. One should not step on the lotus leaves or gold associated with this ritual, as it prevents disrespect toward the sacred fire. One should not eat the tortoise connected with the ritual. The waters remain harmless and pure for the person who establishes this fire with proper knowledge.

anuvākaḥ 27

i̠mā nu̍ka̠-mbhuva̍nā sīṣadhēma । indra̍ścha̠ viśvē̍cha dē̠vāḥ । ya̠jñañcha̍ nasta̠nvañcha̍ pra̠jāñcha̍ । ā̠di̠tyairinda̍-ssa̠ha sī̍ṣadhātu । ā̠di̠tyairindra̠-ssaga̍ṇō-ma̠rudbhi̍ḥ । a̠smāka̍-mbhūtvavi̠tā ta̠nūnā̎m ॥ āpla̍vasva̠ prapla̍vasva । ā̠ṇḍī bha̍va ja̠ mā mu̠huḥ । sukhādīndu̍ḥ khani̠dhanām । prati̍muñchasva̠ svā-mpu̠ram ॥ 113 ॥

English Meaning: May we attain and establish these worlds with the blessings of Indra and all the deities. May Indra, together with the Ādityas, support and protect our sacrifices, bodies, and descendants. May he become the protector of our physical existence. Rise and move forward with strength; become complete and stable without interruption. May the divine power protect and restore your own dwelling place.

marī̍chaya-ssvāyambhu̠vāḥ । yē śa̍rī̠rāṇya̍ kalpayann । tē tē̍ dē̠haṅka̍lpayantu । mā cha̍ tē̠ khyā sma̍ tīriṣat । utti̍ṣṭhata̠ mā sva̍pta । a̠gni-mi̍chChaddhva̠-mbhāra̍tāḥ । rājña̠-ssōma̍sya tṛ̠ptāsa̍ḥ । sūryē̍ṇa sa̠yujō̍ṣasaḥ ॥ yuvā̍ su̠vāsā̎ḥ । a̠ṣṭācha̍krā̠ nava̍dvārā ॥ 114 ॥

English Meaning: The self-born Marīcis, who formed the bodies of beings, may they shape and strengthen your body. May no harm come to you. Rise and do not remain asleep. O descendants of Bharata, seek the sacred fire and become satisfied through the offerings of King Soma. Become united with the power of the Sun. This divine city is youthful, beautifully adorned, and has eight wheels and nine gates.

dē̠vānā̠-mpūra̍yō̠ddhyā । tasyāgṃ̍ hiraṇma̍yaḥ kō̠śaḥ । sva̠rgō lō̠kō jyōti̠ṣā ”vṛ̍taḥ । yō vai tā̎-mbrahma̍ṇō vē̠da । a̠mṛtē̍nāvṛ̠tā-mpu̍rīm । tasmai̎ brahma cha̍ brahmā̠ cha । ā̠yuḥ kīrti̍-mpra̠jānda̍duḥ ॥ vi̠bhrāja̍mānā̠gṃ̠ hari̍ṇīm । ya̠śasā̍ sampa̠rīvṛ̍tām । puragṃ̍ hiraṇma̍yī-mbra̠hmā ॥ 115 ॥

English Meaning: This is the divine city that fulfills the desires of the gods. Within it exists a golden treasure chamber, and the heavenly world is surrounded by divine light. Whoever understands this city of Brahman, which is covered by immortality, receives blessings from Brahman and the Supreme Creator in the form of long life, fame, and offspring. The shining golden city is filled with glory and divine brilliance.

vi̠vēśā̍pa̠rāji̍tā ॥ parāṅgētya̍ (parāṃatya̍) jyāma̠yī । parāṅgētya̍ (parāṃatya̍) nāśa̠kī । i̠ha chā̍mutra̍ chānvē̠ti । vi̠dvā-ndē̍vāsu̠rānu̍bha̠yān । yatku̍mā̠rī ma̠ndraya̍tē । ya̠dyō̠ṣidya-tpa̍ti̠vratā̎ । ari̍ṣṭa̠ṃ yatkiñcha̍ kri̠yatē̎ । a̠gni-stadanu̍ vēdhati । a̠śṛtā̍sa-śśṛ̍tāsa̠ścha ॥ 116 ॥

English Meaning: The victorious divine power enters and remains unconquered. It transcends both this world and the other world. The wise person understands both divine and opposing forces. Whatever a maiden or a devoted woman performs, whether auspicious or inauspicious actions, the sacred fire follows and witnesses them. It reaches both those who perform correctly and those who do not.

ya̠jvānō̠ yē-‘pya̍ya̠jvana̍ḥ । sva̍ryantō̠ nāpē̎kṣantē । indra̍-ma̠gniñcha̍ yē vi̠duḥ । sika̍tā iva sa̠ṃyanti̍ । ra̠śmibhi̍ḥ-samu̠dīri̍tāḥ । a̠smā-llō̠kāda̍-muṣmā̠chcha । ṛ̠ṣibhi̍-radāt-pṛ̠śnibhi̍ḥ । apē̍ta̠ vīta̠ vi cha̍ sarpa̠tāta̍ḥ । yē-‘tra̠ stha pu̍rā̠ṇā yē cha̠ nūta̍nāḥ । ahō̍bhi-ra̠dbhi-ra̠ktubhi̠-rvya̍ktam ॥ 117 ॥

English Meaning: Those who perform sacrifices and those who do not, those who seek heaven and those who understand Indra and Agni, all move according to their actions like particles of sand gathering together. They are guided by divine rays and separated from this world and the other world by the power of sages. O ancient and new beings present here, depart and move away according to the appointed times of days, waters, and nights.

ya̠mō da̍dātva-va̠sāna̍masmai । nṛ mu̍ṇantu nṛ pā̠tvarya̍ḥ । a̠kṛ̠ṣṭā yē cha̠ kṛṣṭa̍jāḥ । ku̠mārī̍ṣu ka̠nīnī̍ṣu । jā̠riṇī̍ṣu cha̠ yē hi̠tāḥ । rēta̍ḥ pītā̠ āṇḍa̍pītāḥ । aṅgā̍rēṣu cha̠ yē hu̠tāḥ । u̠bhayā̎-nputra̍ pautra̠kān । yu̠vē̠-‘haṃ ya̠marāja̍gān । śa̠taminnu śa̠rada̍ḥ । adō̠ yadbrahma̍ vila̠bam । pi̠tṛ̠ṇāñcha̍ ya̠masya̍ cha । varu̍ṇa̠-syāśvi̍nō-ra̠gnēḥ । ma̠rutā̎mcha vi̠hāya̍sām । kā̠ma̠pra̠yava̍ṇa-mmē astu । sa hyē̍vāsmi̍ sa̠nāta̍naḥ । iti nākō brahmiśravō̍ rāyō̠ dhanam । pu̠trānāpō̍ dē̠vīri̠hāhi̍tā ॥ 118 ॥

English Meaning: May Yama grant protection and blessings to this person. May noble beings protect him. Those born from cultivated and uncultivated sources, those connected with different forms of existence, and those whose life forces have been offered in sacred ways, may they grant both sons and grandsons. May I approach the realm of Yama after living for a hundred autumns. May I attain the eternal Brahman praised by the sages, along with the blessings of ancestors, Yama, Varuṇa, the Aśvins, Agni, and the Maruts. May my desires be fulfilled, for I belong to the eternal truth. May the divine powers grant wealth and worthy children.

anuvākaḥ 28

viśī̎rṣṇī̠-ṅgṛddhra̍-śīrṣṇīñcha । apētō̍ nir-ṛ̠tigṃ ha̍thaḥ । paribādhagg śvē̍taku̠kṣam । ni̠jaṅghagṃ̍ śaba̠lōda̍ram । sa̠ tān. vā̠chyāya̍yā sa̠ha । agnē̠ nāśa̍ya sa̠ndṛśa̍ḥ । ī̠rṣyā̠sū̠yē bu̍bhu̠kṣām । ma̠nyu-ṅkṛ̠tyā-ñcha̍ dīdhirē । rathē̍na kigṃśu̠kāva̍tā । agnē̠ nāśa̍ya sa̠ndṛśa̍ḥ ॥ 119 ॥

English Meaning: O Agni, destroy the harmful forces that bring misfortune and negativity. Remove the effects of destruction, jealousy, hatred, greed, anger, and harmful intentions. Drive away all enemies and difficulties with your powerful energy, just as a strong chariot moves forward. May Agni eliminate all evil influences and protect us.

anuvākaḥ 29

pa̠rjanyā̍ya̠ pragā̍yata । di̠vaspu̠trāya̍ mī̠ḍhuṣē̎ । sa nō̍ ya̠vasa̍michChatu । i̠daṃ vacha̍ḥ pa̠rjanyā̍ya sva̠rājē̎ । hṛ̠dō a̠stvanta̍ra̠nta-dyu̍yōta । ma̠yō̠bhūrvātō̍ vi̠śvakṛ̍ṣṭaya-ssantva̠smē । su̠pi̠ppa̠lā ōṣa̍dhī-rdē̠vagō̍pāḥ । yō garbha̠-mōṣa̍dhīnām । gavā̎mkṛ̠ṇōtyarva̍tām । pa̠rjanya̍ḥ puru̠ṣīṇā̎m ॥ 120 ॥

English Meaning: Sing praises to Parjanya, the divine son of heaven who brings rain and nourishment. May he grant us food, prosperity, and happiness. May the clouds, winds, and rains bless the earth. May the plants protected by divine powers grow abundantly. Parjanya is the source of fertility for plants, cattle, horses, and all living beings.

anuvākaḥ 30

puna̍rmāmaitvindri̠yam । puna̠rāyu̠ḥ puna̠rbhaga̍ḥ । puna̠-rbrāhma̍ṇa-maitu mā । puna̠-rdravi̍ṇa maitu mā । yanmē̠-‘dya rēta̍ḥ pṛthi̠vīmaskān̍ । yadōṣa̍dhīra̠pyasa̍ra̠-dyadāpa̍ḥ । i̠danta-tpuna̠rāda̍dē । dī̠rghā̠yu̠tvāya̠ varcha̍sē । yanmē̠ rēta̠ḥ prasi̍chyatē । yanma̠ ājā̍yatē̠ puna̍ḥ । tēna̍ māma̠mṛta̍-ṅkuru । tēna̍ supra̠jasa̍ṅkuru ॥ 121 ॥

English Meaning: May my strength, life force, fortune, spiritual wisdom, and wealth return to me again. Whatever energy or vitality of mine has gone into the earth, plants, and waters, may it return to me. Restore me with long life, brilliance, and immortality. Through this power, bless me with noble and prosperous offspring.

anuvākaḥ 31

a̠dbhaya-stirō̠dhā jā̍yata । tava̍ vaiśrava̠ṇa-ssa̍dā । tirō̍ dhēhi sapa̠tnānna̍ḥ । yē apō̠-‘śnanti̍ kēcha̠na । tvā̠ṣṭrī-mmā̠yāṃ va̎śrava̠ṇaḥ । rathagṃ̍ sahasra̠ vandhu̍ram । pu̠ru̠ścha̠kragṃ saha̍srāśvam । āsthā̠ yāyā̍hi nō ba̠lim । yasmai̍ bhū̠tāni̍ ba̠limāva̍hanti । dhana̠ṅgāvō̠ hasti̠ hira̍ṇya̠maśvān̍ ॥ 122 ॥

English Meaning: From the waters arises the hidden power of creation. O Vaiśravaṇa (Kubera), remain ever present with your blessings. Conceal and overcome our enemies and those who misuse resources. O Kubera, come to us in your magnificent chariot with thousands of wheels and horses, accepting our offerings. To you all beings bring offerings of wealth, cows, elephants, gold, and horses.

asā̍ma suma̠tau ya̠jñiya̍sya । śriya̠-mbibhra̠tō ‘nna̍mukhīṃ vi̠rāja̎m । su̠da̠r̠śa̠nē cha̍ krau̠ñchē cha̍ । mai̠nā̠gē cha̍ ma̠hāgi̍rau । śa̠tadvā̠ṭṭara̍gama̠ntā (sa̠tadvā̠ṭṭara̍gama̠ntā) । sa̠gṃ̠hārya̠-nnaga̍ra̠-ntava̍ । iti mantrā̎ḥ । kalpō̍-‘ta ū̠rdhvam ॥ yadi̠ bali̠gṃ̠ harē̎t । hi̠ra̠ṇya̠nā̠bhayē̍ vitu̠dayē̍ kaubē̠rāyā̠ya-mba̍liḥ ॥ 123 ॥

English Meaning: May we obtain the grace of the divine power that brings prosperity and nourishment. May wealth, food, and glory remain with us. These sacred places and mountains are associated with divine protection. These mantras prescribe the proper method of offering worship. If an offering is made, it should be presented to Kubera, the lord of treasures, with devotion and respect.

sarvabhūtādhipatayē na̍ma i̠ti । atha baligṃ hṛtvōpa̍tiṣṭhē̠ta । kṣa̠tra-ṅkṣa̠traṃ vai̎śrava̠ṇaḥ । brāhmaṇā̍ vaya̠gg̠ smaḥ । nama̍stē astu̠ mā mā̍ higṃsīḥ । asmā-tpraviśyānna̍maddhī̠ti । atha tamagni-mā̍dadhī̠ta । yasminnē tatkarma pra̍yuñjī̠ta । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhūḥ । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhuva̍ḥ ॥ 124 ॥

English Meaning: After offering the sacred tribute, one should approach with reverence and say: Kubera is the protector of power and wealth. We are followers of sacred knowledge; we bow to you, do not harm us. Enter within us and accept our offerings. Then the sacred fire connected with this ritual should be established, through which the prescribed actions are performed.

ti̠rōdhā̠-ssva̍ḥ । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhūrbhuva̠ssva̍ḥ । sarvēṣāṃ lōkānā-mādhipatyē̍ sīdē̠ti । atha tamagni̍-mindhī̠ta । yasminnē tatkarma pra̍yuñjī̠ta । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhū-ssvāhā̎ । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhuva̠-ssvāhā̎ । ti̠rōdhā̠-ssva̍-ssvāhā̎ । ti̠rōdhā̠ bhūrbhuva̠ssva̍ssvāhā̎ । yasminnasya kālē sarvā āhutīr-hutā̍ bhavē̠yuḥ ॥ 125 ॥

English Meaning: May the sacred powers of Bhūḥ, Bhuvaḥ, and Svaḥ remain protected and established. May the divine authority over all worlds be attained. The fire should be kindled at the proper time, and offerings should be made with the sacred invocations of all three worlds.

api brāhmaṇa̍mukhī̠nāḥ । tasminnahnaḥ kālē pra̍yuñjī̠ta । para̍-ssu̠ptaja̍nādvē̠pi । mā sma pramādyanta̍ māddhyā̠payēt । sarvārthā̎-ssiddhya̠ntē । ya ē̍vaṃ vē̠da । kṣuddhya-nnida̍majā̠natām । sarvārthā na̍ siddhya̠ntē । yastē̍ vi̠ghātu̍kō bhrā̠tā । mamāntar-hṛ̍dayē̠ śritaḥ ॥ 126 ॥

English Meaning: This ritual should be performed at the proper time and according to the guidance of learned Brahmins. One should not be careless or negligent. The person who understands this attains success in all purposes. Those who perform without knowledge or discipline do not achieve their goals. The inner obstacles and harmful tendencies within oneself should be removed.

tasmā̍ i̠mamagra̠ piṇḍa̍ñjuhōmi । sa mē̎-‘rthā̠-nmā viva̍dhīt । mayi̠ svāhā̎ ॥ rā̠jā̠dhi̠rā̠jāya̍ prasahya sā̠hinē̎ । namō̍ va̠yaṃ vai̎śrava̠ṇāya̍ kurmahē । sa mē̠ kāmā̠n kāma̠ kāmā̍ya̠ mahya̎m । kā̠mē̠śva̠rō vai̎śrava̠ṇō da̍dātu । ku̠bē̠rāya̍ vaiśrava̠ṇāya̍ । ma̠hā̠rā̠jāya̠ nama̍ḥ । kē̠tavō̠ aru̍ṇāsaścha । ṛ̠ṣa̠yō vāta̍raśa̠nāḥ । pra̠ti̠ṣṭhāgṃ śa̠tadhā̍ hi । sa̠māhi̍tāsō sahasra̠dhāya̍sam । śi̠vā na̠-śśanta̍mā bhavantu । di̠vyā āpa̠ ōṣa̍dhayaḥ । su̠mṛ̠ḍī̠kā sara̍svati । mā tē̠ vyō̍ma sa̠ndṛśi̍ ॥ 127 ॥

English Meaning: I offer this sacred offering to the divine power; may it not diminish my prosperity. Salutations to Vaiśravaṇa, the great king who possesses supreme strength. May Kubera, the lord of wealth, fulfill my righteous desires. May the divine rays, sages, waters, medicines, and Sarasvatī bless us with peace, protection, stability, and happiness.

anuvākaḥ 32

saṃvathsaramēta̍-dvrata̠ñcharēt । dvau̍ vā mā̠sau । niyama-ssa̍māsē̠na । tasmi-nniyama̍ viśē̠ṣāḥ । triṣavaṇa-mudakō̍paspa̠r̠śī । chaturtha kālapāna̍bhakta̠-ssyāt । aharaharvā bhaikṣa̍maśna̠yāt । audumbarībhi-ssamidbhi-ragni̍-mpari̠charēt । punarmā maitvindriya-mityētēnā-‘nu̍vākē̠na । uddhṛta paripūtābhiradbhiḥ kārya̍-ṅkurvī̠ta ॥ 128 ॥

English Meaning: One should observe this sacred vow for a year, or at least for two months, following the prescribed disciplines. One should bathe three times daily, follow regulated food practices, eat only at the proper time, receive food through alms, and serve the sacred fire with Udumbara wood. All activities should be performed with purified water and discipline.

a̍sañcha̠yavān । agnayē vāyavē̍ sūryā̠ya । brahmaṇē pra̍jāpa̠tayē । chandramasē na̍kṣatrē̠bhyaḥ । ṛtubhya-ssaṃva̍thsarā̠ya । varuṇā-yāruṇāyēti vra̍tahō̠māḥ । pra̠va̠rgyava̍dādē̠śaḥ । aruṇāḥ kā̎ṇḍa ṛ̠ṣayaḥ ॥ araṇyē̍-‘dhīyī̠rann । bhadraṅkarṇēbhiriti dvē̍ japi̠tvā ॥ 129 ॥

English Meaning: The practitioner should remain free from attachment to possessions and offer prayers to Agni, Vāyu, Sūrya, Brahman, Prajāpati, the Moon, stars, seasons, and the year. These are the sacred offerings of the vow. The teachings of the Aruṇa section should be studied in the forest by the sages, after reciting the auspicious prayer beginning with “Bhadraṃ Karṇebhiḥ”.

mahānāmnībhi-rudakagṃ sagg̍spa̠rśya । tamāchā̎ryō da̠dyāt । śivāna-śśantamē-tyōṣadhī̍rāla̠bhatē । sumṛḍīkē̍ti bhū̠mim । ēvama̍pava̠rgē । dhē̍nu-rda̠kṣiṇā । kagṃ saṃvāsa̍ścha kṣau̠mam । anya̍dvā śu̠klam । ya̍thā śa̠kti vā । ēvagg svāddhyāya̍ dharmē̠ṇa । araṇyē̍-‘dhīyī̠ta । tapasvī puṇyō bhavati tapasvī pu̍ṇyō bha̠vati ॥ 130 ॥

English Meaning: After touching purified water while reciting the Mahānāmnī verses, the teacher should impart this knowledge. By reciting “Śivā Naḥ Śantamā”, one receives blessings from medicinal plants, and by “Sumṛḍīkā” one receives blessings from the earth. By following this discipline, one attains liberation. The teacher should be given a cow as offering, along with suitable clothing according to one’s ability. One who studies this sacred teaching in the forest with devotion and discipline becomes a true ascetic and gains merit.