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Chanakya Neethi – Chapter 4

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Chanakya Neethi - Chapter 4 āyuḥ karma cha vittaṃ cha vidyā nidhanamēva cha ।pañchaitāni hi sṛjyantē garbhasthasyaiva dēhinaḥ ॥ 01 ॥ हिंदी अर्थ:आयु, कर्म, धन, विद्या और मृत्यु—ये पाँच बातें जीव के गर्भ में रहते हुए ही निर्धारित हो जाती हैं। English Meaning:Lifespan, actions, wealth, learning, and death are traditionally said to be determined for a living being while still...
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📑 Table of Contents

Chanakya Neethi Chapter Four


Chanakya Neethi – Chapter 4

āyuḥ karma cha vittaṃ cha vidyā nidhanamēva cha ।
pañchaitāni hi sṛjyantē garbhasthasyaiva dēhinaḥ ॥ 01 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
आयु, कर्म, धन, विद्या और मृत्यु—ये पाँच बातें जीव के गर्भ में रहते हुए ही निर्धारित हो जाती हैं।

English Meaning:
Lifespan, actions, wealth, learning, and death are traditionally said to be determined for a living being while still in the womb.

sādhubhyastē nivartantē putramitrāṇi bāndhavāḥ ।
yē cha taiḥ saha gantārastaddharmātsukṛtaṃ kulam ॥ 02 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
पुत्र, मित्र और संबंधी केवल पुण्यात्मा तथा सदाचारी व्यक्ति के साथ एक सीमा तक ही रहते हैं। मृत्यु के बाद जो उनके साथ आगे नहीं जाते, उनके द्वारा किए गए सत्कर्म ही उनके साथ जाते हैं और कुल को पुण्य प्रदान करते हैं।

English Meaning:
Sons, friends, and relatives accompany a person only for a certain part of life’s journey. Those who cannot accompany one beyond death leave behind the merit of their righteous deeds, which benefits the family.

darśanadhyānasaṃsparśairmatsī kūrmī cha pakṣiṇī ।
śiśuṃ pālayatē nityaṃ tathā sajjana-saṅgatiḥ ॥ 03 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
मछली अपने बच्चों का पालन दर्शन से, कछुआ ध्यान से और पक्षी स्पर्श से करता है—ऐसा कहा गया है। उसी प्रकार सज्जनों की संगति भी मनुष्य के जीवन और चरित्र का पालन-पोषण करती है।

English Meaning:
It is traditionally said that a fish cares for its young through sight, a tortoise through contemplation, and a bird through touch. Likewise, the company of virtuous people continually nurtures and elevates a person’s life and character.

yāvatsvasthō hyayaṃ dēhō yāvanmṛtyuścha dūrataḥ ।
tāvadātmahitaṃ kuryātprāṇāntē kiṃ kariṣyati ॥ 04 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
जब तक यह शरीर स्वस्थ है और मृत्यु दूर है, तब तक मनुष्य को अपने आत्मकल्याण के लिए प्रयत्न करते रहना चाहिए। प्राण निकल जाने के बाद वह क्या कर सकेगा?

English Meaning:
As long as the body is healthy and death is still distant, one should strive for one’s spiritual and personal welfare. What can one accomplish after life has ended?

kāmadhēnuguṇā vidyā hyakālē phaladāyinī ।
pravāsē mātṛsadṛśī vidyā guptaṃ dhanaṃ smṛtam ॥ 05 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
विद्या कामधेनु के समान है, क्योंकि वह आवश्यकता के समय फल प्रदान करती है। विदेश या प्रवास में विद्या माता के समान सहायक होती है और इसे ऐसा गुप्त धन माना गया है जिसे कोई चुरा नहीं सकता।

English Meaning:
Knowledge is like the wish-fulfilling Kamadhenu, for it gives results when needed. In a foreign land, learning is like a mother who provides support, and it is regarded as hidden wealth that cannot be stolen.

ēkō’pi guṇavānputrō nirguṇēna śatēna kim ।
ēkaśchandrastamō hanti na cha tārāḥ sahasraśaḥ ॥ 06 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
एक गुणवान पुत्र ही पर्याप्त है; सैकड़ों गुणहीन पुत्रों से क्या लाभ? जिस प्रकार एक चन्द्रमा अंधकार को दूर कर देता है, वैसे हजारों तारे भी उतना प्रकाश नहीं दे सकते।

English Meaning:
One virtuous and capable son is better than a hundred without good qualities. Just as one moon dispels darkness, thousands of stars cannot provide the same illumination.

mūrkhaśchirāyurjātō’pi tasmājjātamṛtō varaḥ ।
mṛtaḥ sa chālpaduḥkhāya yāvajjīvaṃ jaḍō dahēt ॥ 07 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
दीर्घायु होने पर भी मूर्ख व्यक्ति परिवार के लिए दुःख का कारण बनता है; इसलिए ऐसा व्यक्ति जो जन्म लेते ही मर जाए, उससे भी बेहतर माना गया है। मृत व्यक्ति थोड़े समय के लिए ही दुःख देता है, जबकि मूर्ख व्यक्ति जीवनभर अपने परिवार को कष्ट देता रहता है।

English Meaning:
Even if a foolish person lives a long life, he may become a source of continual sorrow to his family. Hence the verse says that one who dies at birth would be preferable; a deceased person causes grief for a short time, whereas a foolish person may cause distress throughout life.

kugrāmavāsaḥ kulahīnasēvā
kubhōjanaṃ krōdhamukhī cha bhāryā ।
putraścha mūrkhō vidhavā cha kanyā
vināgninā ṣaṭpradahanti kāyam ॥ 08 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
दुष्ट या अनुपयुक्त गाँव में निवास, नीच व्यक्ति की सेवा, खराब भोजन, क्रोधी स्वभाव वाली पत्नी, मूर्ख पुत्र और विधवा पुत्री—ये छह बातें बिना अग्नि के ही मनुष्य के शरीर और मन को जला देती हैं।

English Meaning:
Living in a bad place, serving an ignoble person, eating poor food, having an angry wife, having a foolish son, and having a widowed daughter are described as six sources of suffering that burn a person without physical fire.

kiṃ tayā kriyatē dhēnvā yā na dōgdhrī na garbhiṇī ।
kō’rthaḥ putrēṇa jātēna yō na vidvān na bhaktimān ॥ 09 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
उस गाय से क्या लाभ जो न दूध देती है और न गर्भ धारण करती है? उसी प्रकार उस पुत्र के जन्म का क्या लाभ जो न विद्वान है और न भक्तिमान?

English Meaning:
What use is a cow that gives neither milk nor offspring? Likewise, what benefit is there in having a son who is neither learned nor devoted to higher values?

saṃsāratāpadagdhānāṃ trayō viśrāntihētavaḥ ।
apatyaṃ cha kalatraṃ cha satāṃ saṅgatirēva cha ॥ 10 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
संसार के ताप से पीड़ित मनुष्यों को तीन चीजें शांति और विश्राम प्रदान करती हैं—संतान, जीवनसाथी और सज्जनों की संगति।

English Meaning:
For those scorched by the hardships of worldly life, three things provide comfort and relief: children, a spouse, and the company of virtuous people.

sakṛjjalpanti rājānaḥ sakṛjjalpanti paṇḍitāḥ ।
sakṛtkanyāḥ pradīyantē trīṇyētāni sakṛtsakṛt ॥ 11 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
राजा एक बार कहकर अपनी बात निश्चित करते हैं, विद्वान भी एक बार ही अपनी बात कहते हैं और कन्या का विवाह भी एक ही बार किया जाता है। ये तीनों बातें बार-बार नहीं होतीं।

English Meaning:
Kings speak decisively, the learned need to state their wisdom only once, and a daughter is given in marriage only once. These three are traditionally regarded as matters that should occur only once.

ēkēnāpi tapō dvābhyāṃ paṭhanaṃ gāyanaṃ tribhiḥ ।
chaturbhirgamanaṃ kṣētraṃ pañchabhirbahubhī raṇaḥ ॥ 12 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
तप एक व्यक्ति द्वारा किया जा सकता है, अध्ययन दो व्यक्तियों के साथ, गायन तीन के साथ, यात्रा चार लोगों के साथ और युद्ध अनेक लोगों के साथ करना उचित माना गया है।

English Meaning:
Austerity may be undertaken alone; study is suited to two people; singing to three; travelling to four; and warfare is best undertaken with many people.

sā bhāryā yā śuchirdakṣā sā bhāryā yā pativratā ।
sā bhāryā yā patiprītā sā bhāryā satyavādinī ॥ 13 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
वही पत्नी श्रेष्ठ है जो पवित्र और कुशल हो, जो पतिव्रता हो, जो अपने पति से प्रेम करती हो और जो सत्य बोलने वाली हो।

English Meaning:
A worthy wife is one who is pure and capable, devoted to her marital vows, affectionate toward her husband, and truthful in speech.

aputrasya gṛhaṃ śūnyaṃ diśaḥ śūnyāstvabāndhavāḥ ।
mūrkhasya hṛdayaṃ śūnyaṃ sarvaśūnyā daridratā ॥ 14 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
पुत्रहीन व्यक्ति का घर सूना लगता है, संबंधियों से रहित व्यक्ति के लिए दिशाएँ सूनी लगती हैं, मूर्ख व्यक्ति का हृदय ज्ञान से रिक्त होता है और गरीबी मनुष्य के लिए सब कुछ शून्य कर देती है।

English Meaning:
The home of one without children feels empty; the world feels empty to one without relatives; the heart of a fool is empty of wisdom; and poverty can make everything seem empty.

anabhyāsē viṣaṃ śāstramajīrṇē bhōjanaṃ viṣam ।
daridrasya viṣaṃ gōṣṭhī vṛddhasya taruṇī viṣam ॥ 15 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
अभ्यास के बिना शास्त्र का ज्ञान विष के समान है और अपच की अवस्था में भोजन विष के समान हो जाता है। निर्धन व्यक्ति के लिए अत्यधिक सामाजिक सभा या दिखावा कष्टदायक हो सकता है और वृद्ध व्यक्ति के लिए अत्यंत युवा स्त्री का आकर्षण भी कष्ट का कारण बन सकता है।

English Meaning:
Scriptural knowledge without practice becomes like poison, and food taken during indigestion becomes harmful like poison. For a poor person, an unsuitable social gathering can become burdensome, and for an old man, an attachment to a very young woman may become a source of suffering.

tyajēddharmaṃ dayāhīnaṃ vidyāhīnaṃ guruṃ tyajēt ।
tyajētkrōdhamukhīṃ bhāryāṃ niḥsnēhānbāndhavāṃstyajēt ॥ 16 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
जिस धर्म में दया नहीं है, उसका त्याग कर देना चाहिए। जो गुरु विद्या से रहित हो, उसे छोड़ देना चाहिए। क्रोधी स्वभाव वाली पत्नी और स्नेहरहित संबंधियों से भी दूर हो जाना चाहिए।

English Meaning:
One should reject a form of religious conduct devoid of compassion, leave a teacher who lacks knowledge, distance oneself from an anger-prone spouse, and avoid relatives who show no affection.

adhvā jarā dēhavatāṃ parvatānāṃ jalaṃ jarā ।
amaithunaṃ jarā strīṇāṃ vastrāṇāmātapō jarā ॥ 17 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
यात्रा शरीर को थका कर वृद्ध करती है; जल का प्रवाह पर्वतों को क्षीण करता है; स्त्रियों के लिए दाम्पत्य-संबंध से वंचित रहना जरा का कारण कहा गया है और वस्त्रों के लिए धूप उनका क्षय करती है।

English Meaning:
Travel wears down the human body; flowing water gradually erodes mountains; the verse traditionally associates absence of marital intimacy with aging in women, while exposure to sunlight wears out clothes.

kaḥ kālaḥ kāni mitrāṇi kō dēśaḥ kau vyayāgamau ।
kaśchāhaṃ kā cha mē śaktiriti chintyaṃ muhurmuhuḥ ॥ 18 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
मनुष्य को बार-बार विचार करना चाहिए कि वर्तमान समय कैसा है, उसके मित्र कौन हैं, वह किस स्थान पर है, उसकी आय और व्यय क्या हैं, वह स्वयं कौन है और उसकी सामर्थ्य कितनी है।

English Meaning:
One should repeatedly reflect upon the nature of the present time, who one’s friends are, what place one is in, what one’s income and expenses are, who one truly is, and what one’s capabilities are.

agnirdēvō dvijātīnāṃ munīnāṃ hṛdi daivatam ।
pratimā svalpabuddhīnāṃ sarvatra samadarśinaḥ ॥ 19 ॥

हिंदी अर्थ:
द्विजों के लिए अग्नि देवता के रूप में पूजनीय है, मुनियों के लिए परमात्मा हृदय में स्थित देवता हैं। अल्पबुद्धि लोग देवत्व को मूर्ति में देखते हैं, जबकि समदर्शी ज्ञानी परमात्मा को सर्वत्र देखते हैं।

English Meaning:
For the twice-born, fire is revered as a manifestation of the Divine; for sages, the Divine is realized within the heart. Those of limited understanding perceive divinity primarily through images, while those of equal vision perceive the Divine everywhere.

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